Question

Malloc function

For the prelab assignment and the lab next week use malloc function to allocate space (to store the string) instead of creating fixed size character array. malloc function allows user to allocate memory (instead of compiler doing it by default) and this gives more control to the user and efficient allocation of the memory space.

Example

int *ptr

ptr=malloc(sizeof(int)*10);

In the example above integer pointer ptr is allocated a space of 10 blocks this is same as creating as array int ptr[10] but here malloc function is used which allows the user to decide how much memory is required.

Another example

char* string;

string = malloc(sizeof(char) * 15); //has room for 15 characters

Not even declaring the array is required, everything must be pointers.

Implement following functions for the pre-lab.

Description:

Implement following functions for the prelab assignment. These will be on the lab!

int main(): Declares a new string (char pointer), then calls getString and prints the string with the size out and frees the malloced memory from the string.

int getString(char *): This function takes in an uninitialized string, prompts the user for the size of the string (error checking to make sure size is between 1-20), and then prompts and scans in the actual string from the user and converts it to upper case. Returns the size of the string, and the string should be valid when the function terminates (hint: if the user enters in a string length less than the size but not empty, adjust the size. Using getSafeString from hw2 might be a good idea).

int checkString(char*, int): Takes in the string and the size, and checks to see if the string is valid. Valid string should contain only alphabetical characters ‘A’ through ‘Z’, not including the null terminator. Return 1 if string is valid, otherwise 0 if string is invalid. (hint: try using the acsii values instead of checking for specific characters)

Sample output:

Enter the size of the string: 109

Please enter again: -1

Please enter again: 7

Please enter the string: 0

Please enter a valid string: stringstringstring

The string entered is longer than the allowed size

Please enter a valid string: 89994

Please enter a valid string: 5tring5

Please enter a valid string: String

You entered: STRING which is size 6

./a.out

Enter the size of the string: 0

Please enter again: 18

Please enter the string: &#^I$@OI$

Please enter a valid string: baseball bat

Please enter a valid string: baseball

You entered: BASEBALL which is size 8

Note:

1. Don’t use any global variables, though a global constant for the maxsize of string (20) is ok.

2. Use only pointer notation and pointer arithmetic to implement the assignment.

3. Use the relevant library function, especially from ctype.h

Library function you’ll need to free the string at the end: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/c_standard_library/c_function_free.htm

Remember that the string is passed by reference to the function: changing its contents in the function changes it in main as well, including mallocing space for it.

Ascii table: http://www.asciitable.com/
Malloc function- For the prelab assignment and the lab next week use malloc function to allocate space (to store the string) instead of creating fixed size character array. malloc function allows user to allocate memory (instead of compiler doing it by default) and this gives more control to the user and efficient allocation of the memory space. int *ptr ptr-malloc(sizeof(int)*10): In the example above integer pointer ptr is allocated a space of 10 blocks this is same as creating as array int pt[10] but here malloc function is used which allows the user to decide how much memory is required.» char string: string malloc(sizeef(char) 15); /has room for 15 characters eing the amay i reqpired eveything must be pointers.- Implement following functions for the pre-lab. 4

Please code in C and use sizeof to calculate the size of the string. Don't use strcpy.

Answer 1

The code is explained in screenshots comments :

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 if (j size) wed p printf("The string entered is longer than the allowed size\n") printf("Please enter a valid string: ") continue if (checkString (str,j)-0) 77 Call check string iunton to check string contents printf ("Please enter a valid string:") continue 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 printf ("You Entered: ") for (i-0;i<ji++) if (str [1]<= 'z'&&str [i]>-'a') Converting string into uppercase as a /Ratweakn Capital and small letters. str[32i a 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 L 97 print f("%c", str [1]); // Printing string printf(" which is size %d", j); return j; /Returning size of string.

Output for the test cases :

Code :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int checkString(char *str,int size)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z') // Check is char is between A-Z
{
continue;
}
else if(str[i]<='z'&&str[i]>='a') // Check char is between a-z
{
continue;
}
else
{
return 0; // If not return false.
}
}
return 1; // All char are ok return true.
}

int getString(char *str)
{
int size;

printf("Enter the size of the String: ");

while(1)
{
scanf("%d",&size);
if(size>0&&size<=20) // Checking size constraint.
{
break; // If size is correct then break.
}
printf("Please enter again: ");
}

printf("Please enter the string: ");
str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)); // Allocating string a char size of 1.
while(1)
{

char c = ' ';
int i = 0, j = 0;

str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char));

fflush(stdin); // Flushing the input buffer present

while (c != '\n')
{
c = getc(stdin); // Taking char input
j++; // This is keeping track of the current size of string,
str = (char*)realloc(str, j * sizeof(char)); // Creating space for that char
str[i] = c; // Inserting char into created space
i++;
}
j--; // j will also increment on '\n' char so we will reduce j by 1

// Now j represents the current size of our string.

if(j>size) // If size of entered string is greter than allowed print error.
{
printf("The string entered is longer than the allowed size\n");
printf("Please enter a valid string: ");
continue;
}

if(checkString(str,j)==0) // Call check string funciton to check string contents.
{
printf("Please enter a valid string: ");
continue;
}

printf("You Entered: ");

for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{
if(str[i]<='z'&&str[i]>='a')
{
str[i] -= 32; // Converting string into uppercase as ascii differnce is 32
// Betweern Capital and small letters.
}
printf("%c",str[i]); // Printing string
}
printf(" which is size %d",j);

return j; // Returning size of string.
}

}

int main()
{
char *str; // Declaring char pointer

int size = getString(str);

free(str); // Freeing memory

return 0;

}