Question

(b) Describe how surge tower can help in reducing pressure in pipeline subjected to water hammer phenomena. A surge tower is required to be installed at the downstream end of a tunnel in a hydroelectric scheme to dampen the effect of waterhammer in the case of pump or electrical failures when the flow to the turbine is stopped suddenly. It has been anticipated that the diameter of the surge tower to be 10 m. Determine the height required for the surge tower. The surge tower is not to overflow. Calculate also the time required for the water level in the surge tank to reach its maximum value. The friction and minor losses can be neglected. The information of the tunnel is as follows: Length of tunnel = 10000 m Diameter of tunnel = 3 m Steady flow in the tunnel = 36 m/s