Question

A professor notes that many of her students take notes on their laptops, while others take notes using paper. She wonders if using a laptop is as effective as handwriting notes because typing allows students to take notes much faster. Although this increased speed does allow for more information to be written, it also does not require as much processing of the information. While taking notes by hand, students must process the information and decide what is important. To test this possibility, the professor obtains a group of 90 students and randomly assigns each student to use a different note-taking strategy while listening to an hour-long lecture.

The groups were: Group 1: Handwritten notes Group 2: Take notes on a laptop Group 3: Take notes on a laptop, but instruct students that they should not record the lecture in as much detail as possible. Instead, they should try to write the main points. The day after the lecture, the students took a multiple-choice over the content of the lecture.

Which of the following statements is the best summary?

Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: exam_score group Mean Std. Deviation N handwritten 70.3013 11.70146 30 laptop 62.1410 11.12521 30 laptop with main points only 60.3140 10.83700 30 Total 64.2521 11.92799 90 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: exam_score Type Ill Sum Partial Eta Source Of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Squared Corrected Model 1696.743a 2 848.371 6.731 .002 .134 Intercept 371549.804 1 371549.804 2947.756 .000 .971 group 1696.743 848.371 6.731 .002 .134 Error 10965.913 87 126.045 Total 384212.460 90 Corrected Total 12662.656 89 a. R Squared = 134 (Adjusted R Squared = 114)

	A.	A one-way ANOVA revealed a nonsignificant effect of notetaking method during an hour long lecture on multiple-choice scores, F(2, 89) = 6.73, p < .05, MSE = 126.05, ηp2 = .13.
	B.	A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of notetaking method during an hour long lecture on multiple-choice scores, F(2, 89) = 6.73, p > .05, MSE = 126.05, ηp2 = .13.
	C.	A one-way ANOVA revealed a nonsignificant effect of notetaking method during an hour long lecture on multiple-choice scores, F(2, 87) = 6.73, p > .05, MSE = 126.05, ηp2 = .13.
	D.	A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of notetaking method during an hour long lecture on multiple-choice scores, F(2, 87) = 6.73, p = .002, MSE = 126.05, ηp2 = .13.

2. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of the post hoc tests?

	A.	Handwritten notes (M = 70.30, SD = 11.70) resulted in significantly higher multiple-choice scores than the laptop (M= 62.14, SD = 11.13), HSD = 8.16, p = .016 and the laptop with only main points (M = 60.31, SD = 10.84), HSD = 9.99, p = .003. The two laptop conditions were not significantly different, HSD = -1.83, p = .804.
	B.	Handwritten notes (M = 70.30, SD = 11.70), laptop (M = 62.14, SD = 11.13), and laptop with only main points (M = 60.31, SD= 10.84) all had similarly high multiple-choice scores.
	C.	Handwritten notes (M = 70.30, SD = 11.70) resulted in significantly higher multiple-choice scores than the laptop (M= 62.14, SD = 11.13), HSD = 8.16, p = .016 and the laptop condition resulted in multipl-choice exsam scores significantly higher than the laptop with only main points (M = 60.31, SD = 10.84), HSD = -1.83, p = .804.
	D.	Handwritten notes (M = 70.30, SD = 11.70) resulted in significantly higher multiple-choice scores than the laptop (M= 62.14, SD = 11.13), HSD = 8.16, p = .016 and the laptop with only main points (M = 60.31, SD = 10.84), HSD = 9.99, p = .003. The laptop condition resulted in significantly higher scores than the laptop with main points only, HSD = -1.83, p = .804.

Answer 1

1) Answer: D) A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of notetaking method during an hour long lecture on multiple-choice scores, F(2, 87) = 6.73, p= .002, MSE = 126.05, np2 = .13. 2) Answer: A) Handwritten notes (M= 70.30, SD = 11.70) resulted in significantly higher multiple-choice scores than the laptop (M= 62.14, SD = 11.13), HSD = 8.16, p= .016 and the laptop with only main points (M= 60.31, SD = 10.84), HSD = 9.99, p= .003. The two laptop conditions were not significantly different, HSD = -1.83, p= .804.