Question

In your own words, clearly distinguish between data and information within the context of computer-based
information systems. Use a suitable diagram to
illustrate your answer.

Answer 1

Data is Raw and isolated facts
Information is the processes data.

When there is no concrete explanation to something than that is simply called DATA. When data makes sense then it turns into Information.

DATA	INFORMATION
Raw and isolated facts about an entity is data. Eg- text, audio, video, image, entity etc.	Processed, meaningful and usable data is information.
If observer doesn't make sense of it then it is considered to be data.	Information depends on the observer.
Meaningless	Meaningfull
Unorganized	Structured and organized
Obtained through Observation, Recording etc.	Obtained through anaysis

Let's see some example to understand the difference better:

There are some names written on a page let they be Adam, Leo, Mark, Young, Kevin etc.
Now you have got this paper, now what are these names to you? Does they mean anything?
Answer is NO. The names on the paper are just data for you, it does not make any sense to you, it only have something written on it that you can read but cannot infer anything from it.

On the other hand lets suppose you are the class teacher of a class and your job is to select 10 eligible students for a drawing competition now you wrote 10 names on a sheet of paper and not the same names are making sense to you and they become information.

Let's have an example from DBMS.

DBMS is a collection large set of data we are calling it data because you cannot make sense of it until you want to grab some information in some organised way to serve a purpose.
So queries onto a database to get all the students of class 12th with subject maths will give you some result form the database and that returned data is information for you as the data is useful for you.

Here is a diagram to understand the concept a little better visuallly

DATA DATA DATA / PROCESSING INFORMATION