Question

Part One (Use the SPSS Data Analysis FIU#1 Hot SauceSummer.sav data set for this section) Study: Two researchers want to see if the presence of a rifle increases how participants retaliate against someone who previously criticized them. The researchers (designated A and B) design a two-part study. In Part One, all participants write a brief essay about their political views. Another participant (actually a confederate, or a researcher pretending to be a participant) reads the essay and comments that it is "One of the worst essays I've ever read in my life". In Part Two, all participants are taken to a new room that has one of three objects lying on a table in the corner: a rifle, a water gun, or a tennis racket. Researcher A tells the participants to ignore the item, which was accidentally left in the room from another study. Instead, Researcher A asks participants whether they 1) agree or 2) disagree with the criticism they received on their essay. After recording the participants' responses, Researcher A asks the participants if they would be willing to participate in a second study by Researcher B, who is interested in measuring people's ability to detect traces of hot sauce poured into in a cup of water. Researcher B says that the confederate from the first study already agreed to participate as the taste tester, so all the participant needs to do is add as much hot sauce to a cup as they want, which the confederate will then drink. Researcher B explains that the hot sauce is very strong, so the water helps to dilute it. After participants add the hot sauce, Researcher B thanks, debriefs, and dismisses them. To measure retaliation, the researchers weigh each cup of water before and after the addition of the hot sauce and calculates the difference (in grams). The researchers thus operationally define "retaliation" in terms of "how many grams of hot sauce participants added to the confederate's water cup", which ranges from 0 to 50 grams. Although they believe that all participants will want to retaliate against the confederate based on the confederate's criticism, the researchers hypothesize that participants will add significantly more hot sauce to the water when in the presence of a rifle or a water gun than when in the presence of the tennis racket. They do not expect difference between the water gun and rifle conditions.

Answer 1

Sol:

Solution:

1).

Option "D" is correct

Independent variable in this study is,

Item left in the room, with three levels (Rifle, water gun and tennis racket)

2).

Option "A" is correct

Dependent variable in this study is,

There are two independent variables as follows:

Criticism agreement: Nominal scale

amount of hot sauce to be added: Ratio scale