Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living.
Individuals of the same species when maintains a spatial proximity with one another and develops social behavior is defined as group living.
There are several benefits and costs of group living.
Evolutionary costs of group living:
●Increased risk of inbreeding .
● Increased risk of interspecific competition for foods and mates.
● Increased risk of disease and parasite spreading.
Benefits:
● Availability of potential mates, thus high reproductive success.
● Increased defense from predators.
Briefly describe the evolutionary history and tree of the hominids. Show the relationship to living apes like chimps, the main groups and when they branched off, the origin of bipedalis., tool use, and migrations out of Africa, Include chimps, Ardi, Tomo floriensis and modern human( Homo sapiens)
Describe one hormonal mechanism that regulates group living
Living in a group could bring several disadvantages to an individual. What are some of the costs and benefits of group living for mammals? Discuss alarm calls in Belding’s ground squirrels as an example of kin selection, and blood feeding of roost mates in vampire bats as an example of reciprocal altruism. Give a mammalian example of how the environment and ecology of a species can a) prohibit, b) promote, or c) permit (allow) group formation. In the case where...
Discuss the paradox of primate sociality. What are the benefits and disadvantages of living in a group, and why might group life have been selected for?
Which shows the most likely evolutionary relationship among living species?
Please describe two direct benefits and two indirect benefits of female mate choice.
Describe some of the benefits and costs associated with the emergence of large cities in developing countries.
Two populations of fish were isolated by the introduction of a dam, one living in the lake above and the other living below the dam in the river. After a long period of time, the fish below the dam are now much smaller on average than the fish above the dam due to the lack of predators below in the river. Predict what changes, if any, might occur in the populations after the introduction of a fish “ladder”, allowing access...
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis in ecology combines the ideas of two scientists. Name these two scientists, describe what each contributed separately, and how together they inform current evolutionary biology understanding?
Complete the following paragraph to describe the evolutionary lineage of reptiles. An ancestral reptile gave rise to the amniotes that include today's reptiles one opening The group is not a natural group because it is not monophyletic amphibian Its many lineages forma group because they do not share a single common ancestor no openings The amniotes are divided into three lineages, each with a different type of opening in the skull Turtles are examples of which have in the skull...