Question

QUESTION 2 A neurotoxin produced by a species of Clostridium, this type ill toxin binds to inhibitory interneurons of the spinal cord and blocks their release of inhibitor molecules. This causes spastic paralysis, a condition where opposing flexor and extensor muscles simultaneously contract. Death is usually from respiratory failure. A toxold can be used to immunize against this disease. Tetanus exotoxin Botulism exotoxin Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) Shiga toxin Leukotoxin

Answer 1

Answer: Tetanus exotoxin

Explanation:

The tetanus exotoxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It is a neurotoxin which binds to the inhibitory interneurons located in the spinal cord preventing the inhibitor molecules release. These inhibitory molecules are responsible for relaxing the contracted muscles. The inhibition of the release of inhibitory molecule from the inhibitory interneurons by the tetanus exotoxin prevent the relaxation of the contracted muscles and leads to a condition called spastic paralysis. Toxoid is used for the immunization in which it induces the body to produce antibodies for neutralizing the tetanus toxin.

Botulism exotoxin: It is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum and the toxin acts on the autonomic nervous system leading to the inhibition of acetylcholine release. Acetylcholine are the neurotransmitter molecule which signals the contraction of the muscle. Hence, the toxin causes weakening of the muscles called as flaccid paralysis.

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin: These are the exotoxins produced by the bacteria Streptococcal pyrogen.

Shiga toxin: These toxins re produced by the bacteria belongs to the genus Shigella and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Leukotoxin: The Gram negative bacteria present in the mouth called Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans produces the leukotoxin.