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16. Tsang. Colley, and Lynd power of studies that had compared patients' experiences of serious adverse events (such as a life-threatening medical event) during randomized controlled trials of medical treatments. They identified six studies that reported the results of statis- tical analyses to test whether the number of adverse effects experienced by patients receiving one medical treatment differed from the number experienced by those receiving a different treatment. Tsang et al. summarized their results as follows: -"Three of the six studies included in this analysis reported non-statistically significant differences in serious adverse event rates, and concluded that there was no difference in risk despite [having power) of less than 0.37 to detect the reported differences" (p. 610). They also noted: "A high probability of type II error may lead to erroneous clinical inference resulting in harm. The statistical power for nonsignificant tests should be considered in the interpretation of results" (p. 609) Explain the results of this review to a person who understands hypoth- esis testing and decision errors but has never learned about effect size or power, the determine from a power table as having quite ve hu

Answer 1

ANSWER:

When a power of a study is low, it is extremely likely that a Type II error occurs, meaning that the alternative research hypothesis is true but the statistical test fails to reject the null hypothesis.

When power is low and the result is not statistically significant, the study is inconclusive as it cannot be determined if the null hypothesis is likely to be true.

Given "Three of the six studies included in this analysis reported non-statistically significant differences in sedans adverse event rates, and concluded that there was no difference in risk despite /having power] of less than 0.37 to detect the reported differences" (p. 610). They also noted that: "A high probability of type II error may lead to erroneous clinical inference resulting in harm. The statistical power for non significant tests should be considered in the interpretation of results" (p. 609).

The results of the three studies, it is false to say it is not likely that the treatment had no difference because of the power level, and the probability of a Type II error is high, meaning that there is high probability that the alternative research hypothesis is likely to be true and erroneously rejected.

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