Which of the following is a consequence of the properties of warm and cold air?
Group of answer choices
A. Sinking cool air warms and loses moisture and precipitation, causing bands of dry climate across the globe.
b. Warm air sinks, cool air expands and rises; this results in areas of the globe with no air circulation.
c. The atmosphere is warmer the further up away from the earth; this causes a higher angle of incidence of sunlight at the poles compared to the equator.
d. Rising warm air cools and loses moisture, causing bands of precipitation across the globe.
It is a known fact that hot air being less dense rises and expands while the cool air being more dense sinks.
When the warm air rises, it gets colder because, for every 1000 meters elevation, the temperature falls by 6,.5°C. In the case of the cool air, as it sinks, it becomes warmer.
Another point to be noted is that warm air can hold more water than cool air. This means that as the air cools, it releases the excess moisture which is responsible for producing the moist tropics.
Thus, it can be concluded that the air on sinking warms but does not lose moisture and precipitation. Its capability to hold moisture and precipitation increases as the air gets warmer.
Hence, the Option (a) is incorrect.
As already stated, warm air does not sink but rises. This is because warm is less dense or lighter as compared to cool air which is denser or heavier.
Thus, the Option (b) is not the correct answer.
As the distance increases from the Earth, the atmospheric layer gets thinner. This is because, at elevated levels, the gas experiences less pressure and expands. The work done by the gas when it expands makes it lose some energy, thus the temperature drops. This is the reason that the atmosphere is colder farther up away from the earth.
The angle of incidence is the angle formed by the sunlight when it hits the surface of the earth. The atmosphere plays an important role in determining this angle of incidence. When the sun is directly overhead and the thickness of the atmosphere is minimum, then the angle of incidence is 90 degrees. However, generally, the sun is at a lower position in the sky. This results in the rays of the sun passing through more atmosphere which causes more scattering and absorption by the atmosphere and thus less radiation reaching the ground. This reduces the intensity of the sun rays at any one place.
Thus, because the sun's rays are striking the equator at an angle of 90 degrees, the angle of incidence is lower at the equator and higher at the poles.
However, since the first half of the question is incorrect, the Option (c) is not the correct answer.
It has been described that warm air is less dense as compared to cool air and thus rises. It has also been said that cool air has a lesser capability of holding moisture as compared to warm air. Thus, as the air rises and becomes cooler, it loses the moisture to form tiny drops - which is known as the cloud. When these drops become bigger and heavy, then they fall into a phenomenon known as rainfall.
Thus, the correct option is Option (d).
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