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What are mitochondria and their functions? How are they similar and different from bacteria?

What are mitochondria and their functions? How are they similar and different from bacteria?

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ANS;-Mitochondria are energy converting organelles and are present in almost all eukaryotic cells.

  • They produce cellular energy  in the form of ATP and thats why they are called 'POWER HOUSE OF CELL'.
  • It is a double membrane bound structure.
  • Inner membrane contains enzyme complex called ATP Synthase.
  • The outer membrane protects the organelle and allow passage of small molecules.
  • they are semiautonomous-organelle because they have their own genetic material(DNA).
  • Alao have their own ribosomes.

FUNCTIONS:-

  1. Act as power house of cell.
  2. Store calcium for cell signaling activites .
  3. Generate heat and mediate cell growth and death.
  4. Perform cellular respiration.
  5. Help in building certain parts of blood and hormones.
  6. Also play role in apoptosis.

These are some main functions of mitochondria.

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIA AND BACTERIA:-

  • Mitochondria have plump, jellybean like shape that is similar torod shaped bacilli bacteria.
  • bacteria show reproduction throgh fission process and just like this mitochondria replicate in similar process.
  • Just like mitochondrial inner membrane have folds called CRISTAE bacterial cell membranes have folds called MESOSOMES.
  • both bacteria amd mitochondria cells have own DNA to make proteins.

DIFFERENCES

  • Bacteria are living organisms but mitochondria is a cell organelle.
  • bacteria have a cell wall and cell membrane but mitochondria has only two membranes.
  • Genetic material in bacteria is naked and coiled DNA but in mitochondria it is extra chromosomal DNA.
  • Fluid matrix in bacteria is cytoplasm while in mitochondria it is matrix..
  • bacteria reproduce both sexually and asexully but mitochondria only replicates through binary fission...

i hope it will help you. thank you

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