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11. Assume that three perfect polarizers are placed in sequence and receive incoming light from one side. The first polarizer has it's optic axis oriented vertically. The second is oriented 30 degrees to one side of vertical. The third is oriented horizontally. (a) What fraction of the incoming light gets through the first polarizer? (b) What fraction of the incoming light gets through both the first and second polarizer? (c) What fraction of the incoming light gets through the first, second, and third polarizers? (d) How much light would get through if the second and third polarizers were exchanged? (e) Which way are the polarizers in your sunglasses oriented. Explain why. (f) Explain how polarizing glasses are used to view high quality 3D movies.

Answer 1

The intensity I of polarized light after passing through a polarizing filter is I = I₀ cos² θ, where I₀ is the original intensity and θ is the angle between the direction of polarization and the axis of the filter.

Then

1. As it passes through the first filter the intensity reduces to half i.e;50%

2.Since it aligned 30 degree to the vertical square of cos (30) is 3/4 th of the 50% i.e; 3/ 8 th of initial or approx. 37.5 % of initial .

3.Since it is aligned horizontally the angle it makes is 60 w.r.t to the previous polarizer.So square of cos (60) is 1/4th of the previous .i.e;1/4th of 37.5% = 9.375% of initial.

4.If the 2nd and third are switched then light from the first would come into the second polarizer at and angle of 90 degree i.e square of cos(90) is 0 and no light would pass through it or the last polarizer.

5.On polarized sunglasses, the filter creates vertical openings for light. This means that only light rays that approach your eyes vertically can fit through those openings. The lenses will block out all the horizontal light waves bouncing off a smooth pond or a shiny car hood, for instance.

6.A polarized 3D system uses polarization glasses to create the illusion of three-dimensional images by restricting the light that reaches each eye.The way polarized glasses work in theatres is by using a polarizing screen in front of the projector that changes patterns between every frame of a movie - so the “odd” frames are polarized to match the left eye and the “even” frames are polarized to match the right eye.

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