Question

3 z 2 z Dasher (D) Y N Y z Prancer (P) Y N Y z Vixen (V) N Y N N N Comet (C) Y N N N z Rudolph (R) Y N Y N Y Blitzen (B) Y Y N z z For cladistics purposes Rudolph will be considered the OUTGROUPSEre he is the OLDEST 1 2 3 4 6 YELLOW CELLS BELOW PLACE YOUR ANSWERS BELOW IN THE 1 5 1 R 7 N 3 8 (D, P, V, C, R. or B] Reindeer letters 4 5 9 6 17 · 10 8 9 each letter ator sign after be sure you have [H, T, S, Q. or N Character State 10 11 N

Answer 1

(H) (I) 3 (N) Ang. Z Z Dasher (D) 2 2 > N Prancer (P) N Z ㅏ + Z Vixen (v) Tomet (c) Z 7122 ZZ12 2 ZIZ > 2 N Rudolph (R) Blitzen (B) 2 >

- Rudolfsh is the oldest (given) y The colowred character states shows deviation from red oldest group. example : N Dasher (D) has only charged character steate at position. Rudolph has Ý at Dasher has N N chareacter state. and Place your answers below in the yellow cells below R 2 3 с B 5 6 ។ means this character P H, I-, S; Q; - [+ Hi I, SN-, at I, S, N, Hr, at E state is present as it is 8 9 means this character state become changed 10 N, ** It, "st, at Sequence from oldest to latest R с — в эмне Sequence of mutated character states from 7 to 11 ੧ r 1 L It has all different character 4 It has only different It has H, I,SIN different L of her Sand N different It has I,S, N different states of H, I, S, QrN . put & symbol after each character state which has old same character symbol to those which changed by evolution] and are
R is oldest and P is recently evolved.

Thus, 7 has all different character states i.e H, I, S,Q,N than that of 1

and 11 has only one character state different i.e N than that of 1.