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7. Suppose the economy is currently in short run macroeconomic equilibrium, with actual GDP bigger than potential GDP. (a) De
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Price Level AS AS P P P AD AD Y Y OutputAns.

a) A positive output gap is called inflationary gap. This occurs due to a positive demand shock which increases the aggregate demand for goods and services shifting the aggregate demand curve rightwards from AD to AD'. This creates a shortage of goods and services in the market leading to increase in price level from P to P' and increase in level of output from potential level Y to Y'.

b) In long run, an increase in price level leads to decrease in real wages of the workers, so, they demand more wages increasing cost of production which makes the production units to decrease the production leading to decrease in aggregate supply of goods and services shifting the aggregate supply curve leftwards from AS to AS'. This increases the price level further to P" and decreases output back to potential level Y.

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