Question

please label important parts.

Cellular Respiration begins with biologycomer.com GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE FERMENTATION OXYGEN KREB'S CYCLE GLUCOSE ETHANOL ACETYL-COA MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX LACTIC ACID MITOCHONDRIAL CHRISTAE CARBON DIOXIDE CYTOPLASM ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SNADH 2 FAOH 2 ATP 2 NADH 36 ATP which is broken down during which occurs in the 0 9900 30 coerrymes produces a net gain of results in 2 molecules of produces O in the can be used in that is used in requires releases which is oxidized, creating anaerobic processes 0 0 con aerobic respiration starting with such as cenes moves to the which is shed into the which occurs in the which produces 3 GOOD

Answer 1

MITO ONORIAL MATRIX GLYCOLYSIS GLUCOSE ETHANOL PYRUVATE ACETYL-COA biologycorner.com FERMENTATION LACTIC ACID begins with OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE CYTOPLASM KREB'S CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Cellular Respiration CHRISTAE ATP NAOH 2 FADH 2 ATP 2 NADH 36 ATP Glucose CERERE which is broken down during which occurs in the Cytoplasm ceny Glycolysis 36 ATP 2 NADH produces a net gain of results in 2 molecules of Oxygen Mitochondrial Cristae 2 ATP produces BER can be used in- Pyruvate -that is used in requires CO2 releases which is oxidized, creating Electron Transport chain anaerobic processes aerobic respiration -starting with 6 NADH Acetyl COA such as moves to the 2 FADH Fermentation which is shed into the which occurs in the which produces 2 ATP Krebs cycle Lactic Acid Mitochondria) matrix SO Ethanol

Q5)

Chloroplast	Mitochondria
Outer chloroplast membrane	Outer mitochondrial membrane
Thylakoid membrane (ETC)	inner mitochondrial membrane (ETC)
Thylakoid lumen (protons are pumped)	Intermembrane space (protos are pumped)

Surface area of ETC and ATP synthase is maximised in chloroplasts by having large number of thylakoids stacked one above the other in the form of Grana and large number of grana distributed in the stroma.

Surface area of ETC and ATP synthase is maximised in mitochondria by forming large number of folds called cristae in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

How is the surface area of ETC and ATP synthase maximized in mitochondria? 6 Label the diagram below, which summarizes the two stages of photosynthesis. What is the name of the we Water Carbon dioxide Sunlight Stroma NADP ADP Granum Light reaction Calvin cycle ATP Thylakoid membrane NADPH Oxygen Sugar

Photosynthesis occurs in two phases: Light reaction and Dark reaction.

Light recation occurs in Grana and Dark reaction occurs in stroma.

Q7) The ultimate source of energy is the solar energy (Sunlight) which is trapped by the chlorophyll molecules.

a) Photosystem I recieves the electron from the PS II and also produces NADPH by reducing NADP.

b)  Photosystem II initiates the light reaction and traps the solar energy and causes the chla680 to excite and initiate the electron transport in the thylakoid membrane. Further more the photolysis of water into protons, electrons and Oxygen occurs with the help of water oxidizing enzyme associated with PSII. The electron transport chain also generates an proton gradient used to sythesize ATP.

c) Calvin cycle or Dark reaction fixes the atmospheric CO2 into carbohydrates. in This process, The ATP and NADPH produced during light reaction are utilized and NADP and ADP are generated back for use in light reaction.

8) In ATP is produced by photophosphorylation during photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria during respiration. IN the absence of light, ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation.

9) In plant cells, chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and in the inner mitochondrial membrane as both the membranes have electron transport chain within them.

10) The force that drives the ATP synthesis in PSII is the Proton Motive Force which is generated due to the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.

11) In the chloroplasts, the protons accumulate in the thylakoid lumen. The two sources of protons are photolysis of water and the movement of the protons across the membrane from stroma to thylakoid lumen.

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