Question

13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14. Indicate the MAIN molecules that enter and exit each of these processes? Molecule(s) IN Process Molecule(s) OUT Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle ETC Photophosphorylation Calvin Cycle 15. Isocitrate is a 6 carbon molecule that is oxidized to a-ketoglutarate (a 5 carbon molecule) by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. What happens to the extra carbon atom in this reaction and in which process (listed in the table above) of cellular metabolism does this occur? 16. Why do plants carry out both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation? DOI 151 Assienment 2 Page 4

Answer 1

Solution

According to guidlines of HomeworkLib i can give answers of first 4 questions only.

(9) indicate each of main molecule that enters and exit in these processes. neecules (IN) Prosen Molecule Cont) Glucose Clycolysis pyourate perate Pysurate oxidation Acetyl cont Acetyl con citric acid/ krebs cycle oxalsacetic acid CONA ATP NADH Ето water ADP+ Pithf Photophosphazlation ATP calcinayche cor ROBP (15) - soritrate NADN ADH (60) & retoglutarate Istitrat co2 dehshogenan this is decarboxylation reaction in which I cada is released in the form of cue. of is secure in krebs cycle / citic acid – cycle

solution © 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is gonerated during cellular respiration & mechanisms I Calycolysis - in which glucose is breakdown int prouvate to produce ATP. It does not require oxygen for ATP formation in this mechanism Glucose is breakdown into a molecules a ppuvate The ATP are formed in this prosens are called as substrate level phospherplation to get instant energy from glucose - & mechanism it - Creb oycle. This is also called as atric acid cycle in which pyourak is wichsed inte Acetyl con & produce woon. Accot is added into OAA to form (6c citric acid), in several steps ATP and NADH are synthesized in keither decarboxylatian processes. All this waor are used for the production et ATP an Electon transpost chain. of wing portar gradient All synthesis is carrier ont, (16) khy do plant carry out both cyclic & namoychic phetsphosphorylation

- Plaud needs more ATP for carry out calun cycle so cyclic proses produecs ATP and nour eyche phosphosylation produces ATP and NADH. - so both proses are needed in plants to produce enough amount & ATP for cahin cycle