Question

what is the phase difference

f = 100 Hz At maximum voltage, the current is (circle one): f = 200 Hz At maximum voltage, the current is (circle one): 1 = 300 Hz At maximum voltage, the current is (circle one): Maximum Minimum Zero and increasing Zero and decreasing Lunzero and increasing Nonzero and decreasing Other Maximum Minimum Zero and increasing Zero and decreasing Vonzero and increasing Nonzero and decreasing Other Maximum Minimum Pero and increasing Zero and decreasing Nonzero and increasing Nonzero and decreasing Other 4.9037 Max. voltage (Vmax) 4.9221 Max. voltage (Vmax) Max. current (Imax) 0.2147 Max. current (Imax)0.1139 XL = Vmax/Imax = 22.93 XL = Vmax/Imax 43.05 Max. voltage (Vmax) 4.9343 Max. current (Imax) 0.07943 XL = Vmax/Imax 62.12 Calculated: phase difference: 12 Calculated: phase difference: TV/2 Calculated: phase difference: 1/2 Current or voltage leads? voltage voltage Current or voltage leads? voltage Current or voltage leads? voltage Table 3: AC Signals and Inductors

Answer 1

The phase difference or phase shift as it is also called of a Sinusoidal Waveform is the angle Φ (Greek letter Phi), in degrees or radians that the waveform has shifted from a certain reference point along the horizontal zero axis. In other words phase shift is the lateral difference between two or more waveforms along a common axis and sinusoidal waveforms of the same frequency can have a phase difference.

The phase difference, Φ of an alternating waveform can vary from between 0 to its maximum time period, T of the waveform during one complete cycle and this can be anywhere along the horizontal axis between, Φ = 0 to 2π (radians) or Φ = 0 to 360o depending upon the angular units used.

Phase difference can also be expressed as a time shift of τ in seconds representing a fraction of the time period, T for example, +10mS or – 50uS but generally it is more common to express phase difference as an angular measurement.

Then the equation for the instantaneous value of a sinusoidal voltage or current waveform we developed in the previous Sinusoidal Waveform will need to be modified to take account of the phase angle of the waveform and this new general expression becomes.

Phase Difference Equation

• Where:
•   Am  –  is the amplitude of the waveform.
•   ωt  –  is the angular frequency of the waveform in radian/sec.
•   Φ (phi)  –  is the phase angle in degrees or radians that the waveform has shifted either left or right from the reference point.