Question

Please help me with this one!! Thank you!

All chemicals were prepared precisely and accurately and all glassware was cleaned with acetone. The tables have been cleaned well and the student is wearing goggles, a lab coat, and clean nitrile gloves. All precautions have been taken to ensure a clean environment. A student takes the following steps during an experiment: Measure 15mL concentrated HCl (student uses a 50ml graduated cylinder) Weigh-4.0 grams of tert-butyl chloride (student weighs in a 25 ml beaker on balance #3) Transfer HCl and tert-butly chloride to a 125ml separatory funnel (student pours both liquids from their containers in to the funnel) Swirl the sep funnel for 5 minutes, shake and vent for 15 minutes (student shakes and vents as directed) Place the funnel in the ring support and allow layers to separate (student waits, sees a few bubbles in the layers, decides to continue) Drain the lower layer to waste, drain and dry the top layer with CaCl2 (student collects top layer in a small clean beaker and adds CaCl2 to dry) Gravity filter through fluted filter paper into a clean beaker of known mass (student filters as directed) When the student calculates the % yield from the reaction, it is a disappointing 22%. 31. Explain at least 5 specific sources of error that may have contributed to the student's disappointing yield. Include both cause and effect.