Question

Data Infrastructure:

a. What is a data infrastructure for patient-generated health data?

b. Describe the key stakeholders the PGHD policy framework?

c. Discuss all of the steps in the PGHD adoption curve.

d. Discuss the challenges and needed actions for the following:

• Patients

• Clinicians

• Researchers

• Policymakers

• Technology developers

• Payers

explain in detail

Answer 1

a. If the data infrastructure of PGHD is looked at it can be seen that data related to health are shared by the patients and with the doctors, researchers, caregivers, and many more.

b. The following part gives a detailed description of the key stakeholders of the PGHD policy

Clinicians - PGHD helps them to have detailed information about the patients they are treating. It helps the clinicians to prepare a treatment plan which is customized according to the condition of the patients.

Researches - They are also considered to be important stakeholders of PGHD. It helps the researcher to have a look at the percentage of the population affected.

Policymakers - They focus on discussing concerns related to the security of the data which has been kept in the PGHD.

c. The following part of the answer focuses on describing the steps in the adoption curve of PGHD.

Exploration and investment - In this phase patents are collected but they are not shared. In this phase government also explores the opportunities of the PGHD.

Early adoption - This step is considered to be in the second phase of PGHD. There is an organization that focuses on monitoring the values of PGHD. Pilot testing is also being done by those organizations and it is observed whether PGHD can be used for specific diseases that are chronic in nature.

Growth - This is considered to be the 3rd stage of PGHD. The number of patients increase in this stage who have a will to share information with the caregivers and the clinicians through PGHD.

Maturity - This is the final stage where the flow of PGHD from caregivers and clinicians to the patients is seamless.

d. Patients - Challenges - Information cannot be shared by them without the internet and a smartphone or laptop is required to share information. Patients might not be able to access such devices.

Enabling actions - Patients should collaborate with the caregivers and the clinicians so that they can help them in accessing devices and sharing of relevant information.

Clinicians - Challenges - Meeting the expectations of the patients, an increase in accountability can be considered as several challenges that can be faced by the clinicians.

Enabling actions - Clinicians should focus on collaborating with the developers to overcome this challenge.

Researchers - Challenges - Confirmation of the eligibility of the participants are often considered as a major challenge for the researchers. Along with that, there are patients who often are not willing to participate in the research.

Enabling actions - Multimedia tools can be used by the researchers to push patients to participate in the research.

Policymakers - Challenges - Since changes in health technology is increasing at a fast pace. Therefore, policymakers should constantly educate themselves regarding changes in policies. This is a challenge for policymakers.

Enabling actions - Collaboration with the stakeholders can reduce this challenge.

Technology developers - Challenges - Shortage in resources and devices is a challenge for technology developers.

Enabling actions - Usability, as well as accessibility, is considered to be the key actions that can be considered for overcoming challenges.

Payers - Challenges - They are also known as employees. Lacking in productivity while sharing information to the clinicians is one of the major challenges faced by the payers or the employees.

Enabling actions - Reimbursement programs can be altered to motivate the clinicians to share relevant information by using PGHD.