Question

Information on the TOR browser application as well as other popular uses/applications that utilize Onion Routing. Please explain and give information with source!

Answer 1

onion router prevents any intermediate node from nkkowing the true source and destination of a communication.

Intermediate nodes do not know the source/destination of the communication to preserve anonymity.If traffic from
an intermediate node is read, no information about who is communicating with whom is obtained.

Onion routing depends on intermediate nodes.the intermediate node knows both the communication's original source and final destination,which implies fully trusting the single intermediatenode.This trust is counter to the purpose of onionrouting

In order to preserve anonymity, a nonmalicious intermediate node is needed on each side of the malicious intermediate node(e.g.,if A communicates with B along the path A-­?>X-­?>Y-­?>Z-­?>B, X and Z must not be malicious).If a malicious node is on the end of the intermediate chain (either X or Z,in the previous example),then the anonymity of either the sender or recipient of the communication is compromised.Consequently,if a single intermediate node in a two----node system is malicious,either the sender's or recipient's anonymity is lost.