Question

What is wrong with is assment of probability?

It takes two people to kiss (Fig. 2), so the bias of individuals cannot be judged from observations made on pairs. For example, what happens when a right-turner kisses a left-turner? If we assume that kissers with opposite biases could go either way with equal probability, then the individual biases should match those of the couples. For example, if the individual bias is also 2:1 to the right and if couplings are random, then four of nine pairs would be right kissers, one of nine would be left-kissing, and four of nine would be mixed; if choice is random in the last group (that is, two of these four pairs are right-turning and two are left- turning), the result for the nine couples would be a right-turn kissing bias in six of them. This presumed 2:1 distribution for individuals thus predicts the observed 2:1 ratio for couples, indicating that the group bias may also reflect individual asymmetry.

Answer 1

The problem is the this sample information can vary sample to sample. So if we rejects our hypothesis on the basis of this sample this result may change when sample changes.

Also here as a whole we assume when head turns in right then foot ear and eye will turns right. This assumption will help us when our previous hypothesis got accepted. As this is one-shot way in which we can use one test and get larger conclusions. So this is the positive side of the problem.