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How can you distinguish between observations and conclusions? How certain are you that the final explanation is true (i.e. re
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Answer #1

Observation is the result of our experiment , conclusion is the inference that we drew from our results . Observation is based on our experiment and conclusion is based on our observation and it is the reason of our observation .

For eg : we did an experiment of isolating plasmid DNA from E.coli .

Observation : a 4 kb band is obtained on gel after gel electrophoresis .

Conclusion : as this band is small just 4 kb so, it should be plasmid DNA .

# 95% level of certainity is there if we use chi square statistics .

To check the validity of our results we use statistics , here I am taking example of chi square test , it help us to check the significance level of our results and reject the null hyposthesis that the deviation is not by chance , to perform this test first we propose a hypothesis , then we calculate the chi square value and compare it with the observed value at 0.05 and if the calculated value is less than observed value then the significance level of our result is 95% and we reject the null hypothesis .

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