The entropy which the crystal of a substance has at T=0 is called the residual entropy.
Entropy is denoted as S(0)
S(0) = k * In 4^N = k*N*In 4 (as 4 orientations)
For the sake of simplicity we will assume that only 1 mol of the sample is taken, therefore, Kn= R .
Then
S(0) = R In 4 = 2.303 R log 4 = 11.5 J/K.mol
An FCIO_3 molecule can adoptfour orientations in the solid with negligible different in energy. What is...
4. A certain molecule can exist in either a non-degenerate singlet state or a triplet state (with degeneracy 3). The energy of the triplet exceeds that of the singlet by E. Assuming that the molecules are distinguishable (localized) and independent, (a) obtain the expression for the molecular partition function. (b) Find expressions in terms of e for the molar energy, molar heat capacity, and molar entropy of such molecules and calculate their values at T = E/k.
A triatomic molecule can have a linear configuration, as does
CO2 (Figure a), or it can be nonlinear, like
H2O (Figure b). Suppose the temperature of a gas of
triatomic molecules is sufficiently low that vibrational motion is
negligible.
(a) What is the molar specific heat at constant volume,
expressed as a multiple of the universal gas constant (R)
if the molecules are linear?
Eint/nT =
(b) What is the molar specific heat at constant volume, expressed
as a multiple...
a.) What does a partition function represent in statistical thermodynamics? A. The number of rotational symmetry elements of a molecule with more than 2 atoms. B. The number of thermally accessible energy levels at a given temperature. C. The number of molecules that partition themselves between the liquid and the gas phase of a substance b.) The constant volume heat capacity for a monoatomic gas is equal to: A. RT B. R C. 32 RT D. 3/2 R c.) The...
Which can power the active transport of a molecule? Choose all correct answers. The energy of ATP hydrolysis. The energy released by a second (different) molecule moving from high concentration to low concentration. The inherent energy released by the molecule being transported moving from high concentration to low concentration Question 2 1 pts Which of the following types of membrane diffusion happens slower? Transverse diffusion Lateral diffusion
The molar enthalpy of fusion of solid bismuth is 11.0 kJ mol-1, and the molar entropy of fusion is 20.2 J K-1 mol-1. (a) Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the melting of 1.00 mol of bismuth at 575 K. kJ (b) Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the conversion of 5.12 mol of solid bismuth to liquid bismuth at 575 K. kJ (c) Will bismuth melt spontaneously at 575 K? (d) At what temperature are solid and...
What are the different energy use in a classroom? How can the energy use be reduced? Use appropriate drawings if needed.
At approximately what temperature does the average translational kinetic energy of a N2 molecule in an ideal gas equal the macroscopic translational kinetic energy of a copper atom in a penny that is dropped from the height of 1.4 m? The molar mass of copper is 64 g/mol.
At OK, each water molecule of the ice lattice is known to have 1.5 hydrogen-bond configurations in average. The residual molar entropy of water must be: O RIn(1.5) O RIn(2) O 1.5R In(2) O 2RIn(1.5)
A large flexible protein can take on 10^25 conformations of the same energy. A) Determine the entropy of the protein. B.If this protein interacts with a substrate, it is now only able to adopt 10^10 conformations of the same energy. Calculate the change in molar entropy of this transition.
Categorize the following things as potential energy, kinetic energy, or entropy: glucose molecule _________________, justify your choice: ________________________ decayed leaf _________________, justify your choice: _____________________________ running _________________, choice: _____________________________ lipid molecule _________________, justify your choice: _____________________________ 2 points active transport of sodium _________________, justify your choice: _________________ perspiring__________________, Justify your choice:____________________________