Question

33.) Which of the following would be classified as barriers of the innate defenses? a.) activation of the complement system b.) release of histamine c.) washing action of tears, skin acidity, mucus, and saliva d.) inflammation 34.) What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? a.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses b.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by bacteria c.) activates the complement mechanism d.) activates the inflammatory process 35.) Which proteins must be carefully matched before an organ transplant? a.) Blood Type (ABO, Rh) b.) Immunoglobins c.) Clotting factors d.) MHC e.) a and d 36.) The is triggered when protein C3 and factors B, D, and P interact on the surface of certain Microorganisms. a.) Classical Pathway b.) Alternative Pathway 37.) What class of T cell recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC? a) CD4 b.) CDS c.) CD7 d.) CD28

Answer 1

33.) Option (D), Inflammation is correct.

The innate immune system includes physical barriers, defense mechanisms, and general immune responses.

General immune responses, such as inflammation, complementing, and cellular responses that are not unique. The inflammatory response effectively brings immune cells to the site of an infection by raising blood flow to the area.

34.) Option (A) is correct.

The role of interferon in defense against disease- protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses.

Virally infected cells generate and release small proteins- interferons that play a role in virus immune defense. Interferons inhibit virus replication by directly interfering with their ability within an infected cell to replicate.

35.) Option (E) is correct. A and D

Blood type (ABO, Rh) and MHC proteins are carefully matched before an organ transplant.

When a human transplant is performed, a donor's HLA (human leukocyte antigens) molecules are recognized by the recipient's immune system causing an alloimmune response. It has been shown that matching donor and recipient for MHC antigens has a major positive impact on graft acceptance.

Incompatibility with ABO can lead to hyperacute rejection of primarily vascularized grafts such as the heart and kidney.

36.) Option (B), Alternative pathway is correct.

The complement system's alternative pathway is an innate component of the natural defense of the immune system against infections. The alternative pathway is one of three complementary pathways that opsonize pathogens and kill them. The pathway is triggered when a microbe is binding directly to the C3b protein.

Generally, the classical complement pathway requires antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes) for activation (specific immune response), whereas C3 hydrolysis, foreign material, pathogens, or damaged cells can activate the alternative pathway.

37.) Option (A) CD4 is correct.

CD4 recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC.

Cytotoxic T cells (TC) express CD8, which recognizes class I MHC proteins, while CD4, which recognizes class II MHC proteins, is expressed by helper T cells.