1) General pathway for receptor-ligand signaling in B and T cells?
2) Differences between TCR and immunoglobulin (what they bind & structure)?
please keep the answers short! Thankyou.
1) General pathway for receptor-ligand signaling in B and T cells? 2) Differences between TCR and...
help wsecond typed question as opposed to b cells t cells recognize composite ligands on the surface of the bodys cells via the t cell receptor (TCR) name the molecules recognized by TCR and describe their basic structure Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type?
B cell activation requires (select ALL that apply): O T cytotoxic cells O Tcell receptor (TCR) binding to antigen displayed in MHC-|| O antigen binding to antibody on B cell surface T cell receptor (TCR) binding to antigen displayed in MHC-I Question 3 1 pts Which statement(s) about C proteins in the complement system is true (select ALL that apply): Cproteins are always active as they circulate through the body All of the C proteins are equally important for all...
1. Mature B cells require particular receptors to be engaged by ligand to stimulate these cells to become antibody-secreting cells. Fill-in the table below with the receptor(s) on naïve B cells that transmit each signal and the corresponding ligand(s) that engage that receptor. (6 pts) Receptor(s) on B cell Ligand(s) Location in body where receptor engagement occurs Signal 1 Signal 2 b. Briefly describe what happens to mature B cells that receive Signal 1, but not Signal 2? (2 pts)...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
11. To have communication between cells, you must have a A) B) C) D) receptor. signaling molecule. responding cell. All of these choices are correct. 12. A cell that responds to an environmental condition by the release of a chemical is an example of which of the following elements of cellular communication? A) a signaling cell B) a signaling molecule C) a receptor protein D) a responding cell E) None of the other answer options is correct 13. A chemical...
PUNI What is CD25? a) The X-subunit of the TCR. Ob) The c-subunit of the IL-2 receptor. c) An inhibitory receptor that turns off T cell functions. d) The ligand for ICAM found in the supramolecular activation complex. Question 14 (1 point) Polarizing cytokines secreted from PAPC direct which of the following? a) The type of cytokines produced by an effector TH cell. Ob) Positive selestion in the thymus. c) Passage of Mature T cells into the thymus. d) None...
32. Study the signaling pathway illustrated below, which involves two different receptors. Assume that a protein is active only when it is activated, but not inhibited, by its upstream signaling molecules. Activation and inhibition are indicated by normal and blunt arrows, respectively. Assume that the transcription regulator can be activated by either the binding protein or the kinase that are immediately upstream of the transcription factor. Under which of the following conditions will the expression of target:gene "X" be induced?...
1. In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecules affects only: Target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted a. b. Target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ Both a. and b. с. d. None of these 2. Below are listed the events that occur in cell to cell communication. Signal transduction occurs 1. 2. Plasma membrane receptor binds with a ligand A cellular response is effected 3. 4. Ligand is released...
In signaling through the β-adrenergic receptor the same hormone can have different effects on difference cells. Explain what happens to each of the following and what last signaling step is common to all (2 pts each): A. Heart B. Skeletal Muscle C. Smooth muscle Please no cursive handwritting, I cant read cursive.
Question 1 (1 point) Vasoconstriction occurs when epinephrine (adrenaline) binds to the a-adrenergic receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells. One way to treat high blood pressure is to administer competitive inhibitors that bind to this receptor. The Kd for binding of epinephrine to this receptor is ~UM. Based on the measured affinity (Kd) of the following drugs for the a-adrenergic receptor, which might be good candidates for high blood pressure medication? Drug A: Kd = 0.6 M; Drug B: Kd...