Question

Use SPSS for this Application Exercise:
In the 1990 General Social Survey, participants were asked to respond to "Children are exposed to many influences in their daily lives. What kind of influence does movies, magazines, and rock music have on children?" The possible responses for each scenario was very negative (-3) to very positive (3). Below are the data. What can be concluded with α = 0.01?

movies	magazines	rock
-1 2 1 2 1 -1 -1 1 0 1	1 0 2 0 -1 -2 -1 1 2 0	-1 0 -2 1 -1 -2 0 -1 -1 1

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
p-value =  ; Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Using the SPSS results, compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results.

At least one scenario differs on the influence.None of the scenarios differ on influence.    

Answer 1

a) Correct answer: one-way ANOVA within-subjects

b) From SPSS output:

→ General Linear Model [DataSeto] Within-Subjects Factors Measure: MEASURE_1 Dependent Influences Variable Movies Magazines 3 Rock Multivariate Tests Sig. 071 Effect Value Influences Pillai's Trace .485 Wilks' Lambda .515 Hotelling's Trace .940 Roy's Largest Root .940 a. Design: Intercept Within Subjects Design: Influences b. Exact statistic F 3.7616 3.761b 3.7616 3.7616 Hypothesis df 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 Error df 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 .071 .071 .071

Mauchly's Test of Sphericity Measure: MEASURE_1 Epsilon Approx. Chi- Greenhouse- Within Subiects Effect Mauchly's W Square df Sig. Geisser Huynh-Feldt Lower-bound Influences 799 1.797 2 .407 .833 999 500 Tests the null hypothesis that the error covariance matrix of the orthonormalized transformed dependent variables is proportional to an identity matrix. a. Design: Intercept Within Subjects Design: Influences b. May be used to adjust the degrees of freedom for the averaged tests of significance. Corrected tests are displayed in the Tests of Within-Subjects Effects table. Tests of Within-Subjects Effects Measure: MEASURE_1 Source Influences Type III Sum of Squares 6.467 6.467 6.467 6.467 21.533 21.533 21.533 21.533 df 2 1.665 1.997 1.000 18 14.985 17.976 9.000 Sphericity Assumed Greenhouse-Geisser Huynh-Feldt Lower-bound Sphericity Assumed Greenhouse-Geisser Huynh-Feldt Lower-bound Mean Square 3.233 3.884 3.238 6.467 1.196 1.437 1.198 2.393 F 2.703 2.703 2.703 2.703 Sig. .094 .106 .094 .135 Error(Influences)

Tests of Within-Subjects Contrasts Measure: MEASURE_1 df Sig. Source Influences Influences Linear Quadratic Type III Sum of Squares 6.050 417 6.450 15.083 Mean Square 6.050 417 .717 1.676 8.442 .249 .017 .630 Error(Influences) Linear Quadratic Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Measure: MEASURE_1 Transformed Variable: Average Type III Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square Intercept .033 .033 Error 16.967 1.885 F .018 Sig. .897

Estimated Marginal Means Influences Measure: MEASURE_1 Influences Mean .500 Std. Error .373 .416 .340 99% Confidence interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -.711 1.711 -1.153 1.553 -1.705 200 - 600 505

Profile Plots Estimated Marginal Means of MEASURE_1 Estimated Marginal Means FM Influences

P-value = 0.897 which is > alpha 0.01 so we accept H0

Answer: Fail to reject H0

c) eta² = = 0.033/(0.033+16.967) = 0.0019

small effect

d) Answer: None of the scenarios differ on influence.