Question

pls can you put the answer in written format (typed) and not an image just like the solved ones i saw. thanks

Explain the different stages of syphilis. (Terminology/topics to include: causative organism (morphology, gram stain reaction), mode of transmission, chancre, qumma, symptoms, likelihood of infection, treatment options at different stages, damage that can occur during different stages, prevention methods T T T Arial 3 (12pt) T.E.E .O is

Answer 1

Syphillis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a type of bacteria known as Treponema pallidum. It is a highly contagious disease that’s mostly spread through sexual activity. It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis.

Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium usually 6–15 μm long and 0.1–0.2 μm wide. It is a helically coiled microorganism and cab be considered a gram negative bacteium. It is microaerophilic and cannot grow on standard culture media. These bacteria can enter the body through cuts on the skin or through mucous membranes. Humans are the only source of treponemal infection.

The first sign of syphilis is a small, painless sore. It can appear on the sexual organs, rectum, or inside the mouth. This sore is called a chancre.

Stages of syphilis infection:

The four stages of syphilis are:

• primary
• secondary
• latent
• tertiary

Primary syphilis

The primary stage of syphilis occurs about three to four weeks after a person contracts the bacteria. It begins with a small, round sore called a chancre. A chancre is painless, but it’s highly infectious. This sore may appear wherever the bacteria entered the body, such as on or inside the mouth, genitals, or rectum.

On average, the sore shows up around three weeks after infection, but it can take between 10 and 90 days to appear. The sore remains for anywhere between two to six weeks.Even if you don’t treat them, they heal without a scar

Syphilis is transmitted by direct contact with a sore. This usually occurs during sexual activity, including oral sex.

Secondary syphilis

People with secondary syphilis usually get a rosy "copper penny" Skin rashes and a sore throat may develop during the second stage of syphilis. The rash won’t itch and is usually found on the palms and soles, but it may occur anywhere on the body. Some people don’t notice the rash before it goes away.

Other symptoms of secondary syphilis may include:

• headaches
• swollen lymph nodes
• fatigue
• fever
• weight loss
• hair loss
• aching joints

Like with primary syphilis, symptoms of secondary syphilis will get better without treatment.

Secondary syphilis is often mistaken for another condition.

Latent syphilis

The third stage of syphilis is the latent, or hidden, stage. The primary and secondary symptoms disappear, and there won’t be any noticeable symptoms at this stage. However, the bacteria remain in the body. This stage could last for years before progressing to tertiary syphilis.

Tertiary syphilis

The last stage of infection is tertiary syphilis. Tertiary syphilis can be life-threatening. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, or heart symptoms. If the infection isn't treated, it may move on to a stage marked by severe problems such as:

• blindness
• deafness
• mental illness
• memory loss
• destruction of soft tissue and bone
• neurological disorders, such as stroke or meningitis
• heart disease
• neurosyphilis, which is an infection of the brain or spinal cord

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Syphilis is difficult to diagnose clinically during early infection. Diagnosis is done through following method:

• Blood tests. A quick test at a public health clinic can diagnose syphilis.
• Cerebrospinal fluid tests. fluid taken from around your spinal cord.
• Darkfield microscopy. Syphilis bacteria are visible through a microscope in fluid taken from a skin sore or lymph node.

Syphilis is curable with quick diagnosis and treatment. But if it’s treated too late, it can permanently damage your heart and brain even after the infection is gone. Primary and secondary syphilis are easy to treat.Penicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics and is usually effective in treating Primary and secondary syphilis.

People who are allergic to penicillin will likely be treated with a different antibiotic, such as:

• doxycycline
• azithromycin
• ceftriaxone

Prevention

To reduce the risk of syphilis infection:

• Don’t have intimate contact with someone if you know they’re infected.
• Avoid multiple sex partners.
• Avoid unprotected sex.
• Get screened for STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infection)