Question

For each of the following categories of immune system disease, name and explain the key points within the healthy immune response that demonstrate damage or dysfunction.

a. Allergy

b. Immunodeficiency due to HIV infection

c. Cancer

d. Autoimmune disease

Answer 1

* Allergy:- It is one of the chronic health condition caused in the body due to the strong immune response produced by the body against some foreign particles like pollen, dust and microorganisms. The substance that causes the allergy is called allergin. The IgE antibodies are produced against to allergins and produces allergic reactions(rashes, itching, fever etc) when they enter again into the body and also lymphocytes are produced against to the microbes by the immune system. Sometimes the serious allergic reactions like asthma also caused due to dust and some allergic pollens.    * This allergies can be treated by drugs based on the allergic reaction caused.

*Immuno deficiency due to Hiv infection:- Hiv is a sexually transmitted disease that makes the immune system weak. It also transferred to others in various ways other than sexually. * The immune system acts by killing the virus with help of white blood cells which needs mediator cells for immune response. * The Hiv virus kill the CD4 cells of WBC which plays an important role for immune response causes the WBC unable to find the virus and leads to no immune response. This makes the immune system non susceptible to the virus.

* Cancer:- It is a disease that the body cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. There are many types of cancers based on the effected tissue. * Cancer can weaken the immune system by spreading into the bone marrow which produces the blood cells to fight against disease. Cancer can spread to bone marrow and causes the stoppage of blood cells that leads to decreased immune response. * certain cancer treatments also causes the reduced immune response.

* Autoimmune disease:- It is the condition where our own immune system attacks the body tissues. *It is a mistaken by immune system against to certain tissues( skin, joints etc) and produce autoantibodies that attacks our own body cells of certain tissues. In some conditions like systemic lupus erythamatosis(sle), the total body is effected. * This condition can be treated by immunosuppresant drugs.