Question

123 III456 PART III. ESSAYS (80 Points) Must answer all of these. 1. Explain the similarities and differences between Type 1 Classical Immediate sensitivity, Type II Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity, Type III Immune Complex Hypersensitivity and Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity. 2. Define Autoimmunity. Pick one organ specific and one multisystem autoimmune disease and describe each in detail. 3. Define what Immunodeficiency disorder means. Describe in detail one B cell immunodeficiency disease, one T cell immunodeficiency disease, and one B and T cell immunodeficiency disease. 4. Compare and contrast the following microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Include identification techniques, diseases produced and treatment 5. Now that you have studied the different antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics explain which ones would be effective against COVID-19 and which would not and why?

Answer 1

2.

Autoimmunity refers to the arrangement of immune reactions of the living things across its own active cells and tissues. Any ailment which concludes from specific abnormal immune reaction is called as an autoimmune disease.

In case of an autoimmune disease, the body considers its own part as an alien entity. In such cases, autoantibodies are discharged that invades the active cells.

Type 1 diabetes is an example of organ specific autoimmune disease. Insulin is a type of hormone produced by the pancreas. It assists in the balance management of sugar in the blood. In case of this disease, the body considers the insulin producing cells of the pancreas as alien and starts to eradicate them. This leads to the rise of sugar degree in blood, thus, harming other organs like heart and kidneys.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of multisystem autoimmine disease. It is considered to be a serious disease which can affect multiple organs. SLE is also known as lupus where the body's immune system attacks certain tissues within the body considering them as alien. Symptoms may include fever, joint pain and extreme fatigue. This disease is incurable and the cause for the same is also unknown as of now.