Question

123 III456 PART III. ESSAYS (80 Points) Must answer all of these. 1. Explain the similarities and differences between Type 1 Classical Immediate sensitivity, Type II Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity, Type III Immune Complex Hypersensitivity and Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity. 2. Define Autoimmunity. Pick one organ specific and one multisystem autoimmune disease and describe each in detail. 3. Define what Immunodeficiency disorder means. Describe in detail one B cell immunodeficiency disease, one T cell immunodeficiency disease, and one B and T cell immunodeficiency disease. 4. Compare and contrast the following microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Include identification techniques, diseases produced and treatment 5. Now that you have studied the different antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics explain which ones would be effective against COVID-19 and which would not and why?

Answer 1

There are 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions which are named as Type 1 to Type 4.

Type 1: classical immediate sensitivity, they involve IgE antibodies that inturn initially sensitize a person or individual by provoking a quick inflammatory response to a particular antigen or allergen upon subsequent exposure.Fever and allergy are both symptoms of type 1.

Type 2: cytotoxic Hypersensitivity: antibodies like IgM and IgG bind to the body cells which lead to the distruction of the cells. When the antibody gets bind the cell surface it initiates a cascade of events which is also known as complement and lead to cell lysis and causes inflammation. The example of Type 2 hypesensitivity are hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of new borns.

Type 3: Immune complex Hypersensitivity, these are result of antigen and antibody complex which gets settled or formed on the tissues and organs.As an attempt to remove these complexes the tissue which are underlying gets damaged and affected. The example of type 3 are serum sickness and rheumatoid arthritis.

Type 4: Delayed hypersentivity: they are egulated with the help of T cell lymphocytes and hence have a delayed reactions associated with cells to antigens. Example- contact dermatitis, chronic asthama and tuberculin reactions.

Type 1 to Type 3 are mediated by antibodies while Type 4 is mediated by T cell lymphocytes.