Question

What is a codon and anticodon and how their sequence is related in cell information flow?

Would you expect a xerophilic organism to be halotolerant? Why or why not?

Nitrogen fixation utilizes the enzyme nitrogenase, which is extremely sensitive to oxygen. How do cyanobacteria carry on both oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation at the same time?

Answer 1

Answere :

Codon is a sequence of three bases in mRNA that encodes an amino acid. Anticodon is a  sequence of three bases in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with a codon during protein synthesis. The anticodon is a perfect complementary match to a codon. Transfer RNA reads a gene's codons from start to finish and matches the amino acids in the correct order.

A xerophile, is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water. Yes, xerophile may behave as halotolerants. For example, the xerophilic halotolerant fungus Xeromyces bisporus inhabits cereal, candy, and dried fruit, all of which are very dry environments that also contain salt. With all else being equal, a decrease in solvent (such as water) translates to an increase in solute (salt) concentration, and therefore a microbe capable of tolerating a low water activity likely can also tolerate higher salt concentrations.

Nitrogen fixation in cynobacteria utilizes the enzyme, which is extremely sensitive to oxygen. Nitrogen fixation in cynobacteria is sequestered in special cells called heterocysts. Hetrocysts are special cells which contain leghaemoglobin. This leghaemoglobin help in maintaining anaerobic condition for N​​​​​​2​​​ fixation.