Question

Write shot notes on the following; (a) poly-functional enzymes, (b) Biphasic system, (c) isozymes, (d) extremozymes, (e) synzymes (Limit your answer into 100 words per each)

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Answer 1

a) poly functional enzymes are enzymes that are generated by genes obtained by fusion of the coding regions of two or more genes encoding various enzymes.

C) Isoenzymes ( isozymes) are alternative forms of the same enzyme activity that exist in different proportions in different tissues. Isoenzymes have multimeric quaternary structure mostly. Their expression in a given tissue is a function of the regulation of the gene for the respective subunits. isozymes permits the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage.each isoenzyme form will have different kinetic and regulatory properties. Isoenzymes are generally identified by electrophoresis.

D) Extremophile-derived enzymes (extremozymes) are able to catalyze chemical reactions under harsh conditions (industrial processes).some arche bacterias which are known prokaryotic extremophiles that function under extreme environments (highly acidic/basic conditions, high/low temperatures, high salinity, or other factors, that would otherwise denature typical enzymes (e.g. catalase, rubisco, carbonic anhydrase)) have such enzymes. Due to their optimal activity and stability under extreme conditions, extremozymes offer new catalytic alternatives for current industrial applications. These extremozymes also help for the development of environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable industrial technologies. Many advances in industrial biocatalysis have been achieved using them.

D) Synzymes are substances with catalytic capabilities. There are artificial enzymes thatare generally synthetic polymers or oligomers with enzyme-like activities. They possess two structural entities, a substrate-binding site and a catalytically effective site.producing the facility for substrate binding is relatively straightforward but catalytic sites are little more difficult.if the synzyme has a binding site for the reaction transition state, this often achieves both functions.Some synzymes are simply derivatised proteins, although covalently immobilised enzymes are not considered here. It is impossible to design protein synzymes from scratch, and even if such a thing happen ,their conformations are not presently predictable from their primary structure. Such proteins will also show the drawbacks of natural enzymes, being sensitive to denaturation, oxidation and hydrolysis.