4. Explain why osteonal bone is transversely isotropic. Give the elastic moduli in all 3 directions...
4. Explain why osteonal bone is transversely isotropic. Give the elastic moduli in all 3 directions as part of your explanation.
Homework Answers
An osteon is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of ∼200 μm, aligned along the shaft of the long bones . It consists of a central haversian channel, circumferentially surrounded by an assembly of several layers of bone lamellae. The single bone lamella is again composed of layers of collagen fibrils which are rotated according to a certain fibril orientation pattern, giving rise to a plywood like structure . These fibrils are reinforced by bone mineral crystals whose -axis is aligned along the fibril axis
This striking fibril organization in bone lamellae is supposed to dictate the degree of anisotropy of osteons . Predominantely longitudinally aligned fibrils lead to osteons that are strong in tension and mainly transverse fibrils to good compression capabilities . Oblique fibril angles could result in a main stiffness alignment that possesses a helical winding around the osteon cylinder, inducing a spring-like deformation mechanism under axial load.
E longitudinal = 27.6 Gpa
E transverse = 20.5 Gpa
E 3rd axis = 21.8 GPa
Add Answer to:
4. Explain why osteonal bone is transversely isotropic. Give the
elastic moduli in all 3 directions...
(3) Elastic constants: (a) Consider a cube of isotropic material and show that the bulk modulus...
(3) Elastic constants: (a) Consider a cube of isotropic material and show that the bulk modulus Eq. (3.5) is related to Young's modulus Eq. (3.1) and Poisson's ratio Eq. (3.6) by K 3(1-2v) (b) What happens when v reaches its upper limit of 0.5? (4) Elastic constants: We have stated that the numerical value of Poisson's ratio is always between +0.5 and -1, but we have proven only the upper limit. Use Eq. (3.10) to argue why -1 is the...
1. Explain why a catalyst must affect the rate of a reaction in both directions. 2. Calculate the...
please help me with this short answer portion i am confused
1. Explain why a catalyst must affect the rate of a reaction in both directions. 2. Calculate the concentration of a noncompetitive inhibitor (K yield 90% inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 2 x 10 M) need 3. For the operator (sin0/cos8)(d/de) and the eigenfunction sine, the eigenvalue a) sine b) 1 c) -sine d) -1 e) -cose 4. Evaluate numerically . Hint: use Euler formula. Show your work clearly...
Please read the directions for this question when answering! Thank you very much, I appreciate th...
Please read the directions for this question when answering!
Thank you very much, I appreciate the help!
4. Fill in the blank with "all", "no", or "some" to make the following statements true. Note that "some" means one or more instances, but not all » If your answer is "all", then give a brief explanation as to why. » If your answer is "no", then give a brief explanation as to why » If your answer is "some", then give...
Give an example of a good you purchased for which your own demand is elastic and...
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16 3. Explain why, all other factors being equal, the reaction step with the largest activation energy is often the...
16 3. Explain why, all other factors being equal, the reaction step with the largest activation energy is often the rate-limiting step in a reaction. As part of your answer, draw an appropriate graph that supports your explanation. Be sure to 20 label the axes and any other important features of the graph. (20 points)
7. Bone marrow (a) Describe the characteristic appearance of the bone marrow in this disorder. (b)...
7. Bone marrow (a) Describe the characteristic appearance of the
bone marrow in this disorder.
(b) Discuss the mechanism responsible for these characteristic
bone marrow findings.
8. (a) Calculate the absolute reticulocyte count - show all your
work. Is it normal or abnormal?
(b) Based on your diagnosis, is this the result you would have
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9. Schilling Test Review the results of the Schilling test below
and suggest the most likely diagnosis based on these findings.
Explain your answer....
Can someone give a thorough explanation of why? Thank you so much!! 4. If V is...
Can someone give a thorough explanation of why? Thank you so
much!!
4. If V is known at only a single point in space, can E be found at that point? Explain your answer.
Can someone please help me with this? The directions say to give all 4 products, label...
Can
someone please help me with this? The directions say to give all 4
products, label which ones are kinetic and which ones are thermo.
Also, it says to circle which out of the 4, is most stable. Thank
you.
roducts which are thermo t kinetic Which is mos 01 a Wole. H-Br
(3) Elastic constants: (a) Consider a cube of isotropic material and show that the bulk modulus Eq. (3.5) is related to Young's modulus Eq. (3.1) and Poisson's ratio Eq. (3.6) by K 3(1-2v) (b) What happens when v reaches its upper limit of 0.5? (4) Elastic constants: We have stated that the numerical value of Poisson's ratio is always between +0.5 and -1, but we have proven only the upper limit. Use Eq. (3.10) to argue why -1 is the...
please help me with this short answer portion i am confused
1. Explain why a catalyst must affect the rate of a reaction in both directions. 2. Calculate the concentration of a noncompetitive inhibitor (K yield 90% inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 2 x 10 M) need 3. For the operator (sin0/cos8)(d/de) and the eigenfunction sine, the eigenvalue a) sine b) 1 c) -sine d) -1 e) -cose 4. Evaluate numerically . Hint: use Euler formula. Show your work clearly...
Please read the directions for this question when answering!
Thank you very much, I appreciate the help!
4. Fill in the blank with "all", "no", or "some" to make the following statements true. Note that "some" means one or more instances, but not all » If your answer is "all", then give a brief explanation as to why. » If your answer is "no", then give a brief explanation as to why » If your answer is "some", then give...
Give a brief 2-3 sentence explanation to: a) Why are 4-8 Hz whole body vibrations of particular concern? (10 pts) Are vibrations at all frequencies treated equally when using ISO standards? Why or why not? (10 pts) b)
16 3. Explain why, all other factors being equal, the reaction step with the largest activation energy is often the rate-limiting step in a reaction. As part of your answer, draw an appropriate graph that supports your explanation. Be sure to 20 label the axes and any other important features of the graph. (20 points)
7. Bone marrow (a) Describe the characteristic appearance of the
bone marrow in this disorder.
(b) Discuss the mechanism responsible for these characteristic
bone marrow findings.
8. (a) Calculate the absolute reticulocyte count - show all your
work. Is it normal or abnormal?
(b) Based on your diagnosis, is this the result you would have
expected?
9. Schilling Test Review the results of the Schilling test below
and suggest the most likely diagnosis based on these findings.
Explain your answer....
Can someone give a thorough explanation of why? Thank you so
much!!
4. If V is known at only a single point in space, can E be found at that point? Explain your answer.
Can
someone please help me with this? The directions say to give all 4
products, label which ones are kinetic and which ones are thermo.
Also, it says to circle which out of the 4, is most stable. Thank
you.
roducts which are thermo t kinetic Which is mos 01 a Wole. H-Br
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