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Discuss pulmonary ventilation, including inspiration and expiration in relation to pressure and volume changes.

Discuss pulmonary ventilation, including inspiration and expiration in relation to pressure and volume changes.

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Simply pulmonary ventilation means breathing. It includes taking of air into lungs (inspiration) and air flowing out of lungs (expiration)

Pressure and volume are changed according to boyle's law

During inspiration , the diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles contract , It causes ribcage to expand and move outward so that it increases lung volume so that intra-alveolar pressure decreases below the atmospheric pressure and air flows into lungs

During expiration , both the diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles relax , It causes ribcage to normal shape so that it causes decreasing of lung volume so that intra-alveolar pressure increases more than atmospheric pressure and the air is expelled outside

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