Question

You are making an artificial eukaryotic chromosome, and you plan to add two copies of this chromosome to the nucleus of a diploid yeast cell. What characteristics would you include in the chromosome to make sure that the chromosome pair is (a) properly replicated and (b) passed to each daughter cell during cell division of the yeast? What characteristics could you add to the chromosome to increase the rate of DNA replication?

Answer 1

Q1
What characteristics would you include in the chromosome to make sure that the chromosome pair is (a) properly replicated and (b) passed to each daughter cell during cell division of the yeast?

Answers

a. Chromosomes replicated in the interphase of cell cycle. Replication involves the formation of two copies of chromatids. There two copies of chromatids are attached at the centromere. Therefore, I will add chromatids and centromere in the chromosomes.
b. I will add centromere to the chromosomes to make sure that chromosome will pass in the daughter cells. Because, spindle fibers attached to the centromere to distribute chromosome equally in the daughter cells.

Q2

What characteristics could you add to the chromosome to increase the rate of DNA replication?

Answers: DNA is packed with the histone proteins in the chromosomes. This packing prevents the accessibility of the replication and transcription enzymes to act upon and perform their function. Methylation of the histone protein condenses the DNA. Therefore, I will make sure methylases enzyme genes is present in the chromosomal DNA with active promoter and enhancer region, so that methylases will be expressed and removes the methylene group from the histone proteins and hence will allow th accessibility of DNA with the replication enzymes.