Question

Chapter 07: Survey Research

A brief description of the following in own words.

7.1 Overview of Survey Research

What is Survey Research?

History and Uses of Survey Research

7.2 Constructing Surveys

Survey Responding as a Psychological Process

A Cognitive Model

Context Effects on Survey Responses

Writing Survey Items

Types of Items

Writing Effective Items

BRUSO

Formatting the Survey

7.3 Conducting Surveys

Sampling

Sampling Bias

Conducting Surveys

Sampling

Sampling Bias

Conducting the Survey

Answer 1

An overview of survey research

• ·What is survey research?

It is a process of conducting research by using surveys. The data which is obtained from survey research is then analyzed statistically to draw meaningful conclusions. Surveys can be done online as well as offline; they are conducted in a number of settings like media, business, government organizations etc., in order to fetch accurate information.

It can be defined as a method in which the information is obtained from a pool of respondents or from the chosen sample by using standardized tools.

Survey research methods can be a result of two important factors that is tool/medium and time:

Based on tool: Online/ Email, Telephonic, Face to face.

Based on time: Longitudinal survey research and cross-sectional survey research.

• History and use of survey research:

The roots of survey research lies in 20th century when the English and Americans used it for social surveys. It was used for studying the impact of social problems like health, poverty etc. In 1930s it was used by US government to understand economic and social conditions of the country. It was also used by American business men to study the preferences of consumers. It was also used during presidential elections of 1936 for election polling. It was also used in academic fields of social sciences, health, political science, social psychological services. It is also used in the studies of psychological disorders.

Survey responding as a psychological process:

• The cognitive model:

This model involves the following steps:

Question interpretaton Information retrieval Judgement formation Response formating Response editing

The participants engage in the above mentioned model while responding to survey question.

• Context Effects on Survey Responses

Context effects are related to the item contexts but not to the content of the items. It can lead to influences n the respondent’s answers. For instance, item-order effect is an effect in which the responses of the items are impacted due to the sequence or order of items. Also, the unintended effects can also influence the responses of participants. For instance, if they have to choose from low to high responses, they are more probable to choose middle responses. According to them it represents typicality or normal behavior.

(As per Chegg’s guidelines, only first four parts can be answered, as there are no preferences.)

(Hope the information is helpful, you can comment for any further queries)