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4. write postulates of Relativity? What is time dilation and length contraction with formula and examples? Describe relativistic momentum, and energy with formula? 5. What is photoelectric effect? Explain details threshold frequency, and stopping potentials? What is work function?
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4. Postulates of Relativity as framed by Einstein are:

a)The Principle of Relativity:The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.

b)The Constancy of Speed of Light in Vacuum :The speed of light in vacuum has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference.

Length of an object in moving frame will appear to be contracted in direction of motion. Contraction can be calculated using Lorentz formula:

Time dilation A clock ame 40 o to e To veleatgof ma )- Vz 2. C.

The photoelectric effect refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of, generally, a metal in response to incident light.

Electrons are emitted only by the bombardment of photons when those photons reach or exceed a threshold frequency (or energy). Below that threshold value, no electrons are emitted from the metal regardless of the light intensity or the length of time of exposure to the light

The stopping potential is defined as the potential necessary to stop any electron (or, in other words, to stop even the electron with the most kinetic energy) from 'reaching the other side'

The minimum energy required to eject an electron from the surface is called the photoelectric work function

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