Viruses
Challenge question! Imagine the following situation. You receive a viral vector coronavirus vaccine that uses a specific adenovirus and your immune system mounts a strong immune response. At the same time, your friend receives an RNA coronavirus vaccine and also has a strong immune response. One year later a new coronavirus variant emerges and neither of the original vaccines protect people from this new variant. A new viral vector vaccine is developed to the variant using the same adenovirus as before. In clinical trials, it is found that the new vaccine protects people that originally received the RNA coronavirus vaccine that your friend had but does not protect people that originally received the viral vector coronavirus vaccine that you had. Question: Can you think of an explanation for why the new vaccine didn’t protect you, but did protect your friend?
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Scientists at the University of Iowa are working on a live, genetically COVID-19 vaccine. They have...
Scientists at the University
of Iowa are working on a live, genetically COVID-19 vaccine. They
have inserted the genes that encode COVID-19 envelop protein a
virus (parainfluenza). In the diagram, 1) viral vector vaccine.
Parainfluenza virus causes mild influenza-like
symptoms.
Diagram or explain the steps that were taken to get the
COVID RNA into the parainfluenza host. Remember to make the
parainfluenza virus non-pathogenic.
How can Pfizer scale up production of the genetically
engineered parainfluenza virus to produce quantities enough...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen,...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively teaches the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating...
1. You are presenting with advanced flu-like symptoms (i.e., cough, fatigue, fever, and malaise) and visit...
1. You are presenting with advanced flu-like symptoms (i.e., cough, fatigue, fever, and malaise) and visit the doctor. The doctor rules out an influenza infection and tells you to drink lots of fluids and get plenty of bed rest. Should you insist on being tested for coronavirus infections? Why or why not? 2. Last year you endured the flu and multiple viral infections. Will this help protect you from further virus infections? If so, to what extent? 3. Scientists are...
A Case Study Involving Influenza and the Influenza Vaccine Karen: No way am I going to...
A Case Study Involving Influenza and the Influenza Vaccine Karen: No way am I going to waste bucks on another flu shot. I got one last year and I still got sick. Do you remember that horrible sinus infection I had? I was so sick that I missed the Packer’s game at Lambeau Field. I had to watch the game at Tom’s house because he was having a party. I could barely breathe! Mary: I remember that you were...
Martin received a killed (inactivated) polio vaccine. Had he received a live attenuated polio vaccine instead,...
Martin received a killed (inactivated) polio vaccine. Had he received a live attenuated polio vaccine instead, he would have developed poliomyelitis. Fortunately, Martin escaped being given any live vaccines before he was diagnosed. In many countries (not the U.S.), infants are universally given Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), an attenuated (weakened) form of the tuberculosis bacteria, which provides partial protection against tuberculosis infection. BCG incites a cell-mediated immune response and after received it, infants become tuberculin-positive (which means they show a hypersensitivity...
&nb
Case 3 Date: June 22, 2005. A 27-year-old man is brought into a New York City emergency room with a 101-degree fever, and what he believes is chickenpox (Varicella). After a brief examination, the 35-year-old physician is puzzled because the pox does not appear to be typical of the varicella-zoster virus. Worried, he calls in another physician for her opinion. She takes one look at the patient, determines he has small pox, and immediately orders him to be...
1. One of the biggest news stories of the past few months is the outbreak of...
1. One of the biggest news stories of the past few months is the outbreak of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus), first in China and then throughout the world. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have begun to develop COVID-19 vaccines. If all goes well, it will be at least a year before a vaccine is developed, tested, and approved by the FDA. However, one company—Moderna Therapeutics—has beaten all of the other companies in the race so far and is the first to advance to...
How does the immune system protect us from disease? How do doctors use the immune response...
How does the immune system protect us from disease? How do doctors use the immune response to protect you from disease? How are the antibodies in your body made? How are antibodies that are used in ELISA made? What does ELISA stand for? What enzymes were used in the Labster simulation? Why? Why are enzymes used in this immunoassay? Why do you need to assay positive and negative control samples as well as your experimental samples? If the sample gave...
15. Please read a news report from Wall Street Journal as below and pick the correct...
15. Please read a news report from Wall Street Journal as below and pick the correct analysis about the stock market, Dow jumps 900 points after vaccine disclosure drives Moderna shares higher Updated May 18, 2020 5:01 pm EThttps://www.bloomberg.com/news: The Dow Jones Industrial Average surged more than 900 points Monday, its best day since April 6, on hopeful developments surrounding a potential coronavirus vaccine. US stocks surged on Monday as Moderna, a biotech, announced that its coronavirus vaccine candidate had...
(15 marks) As there is no any effective medicine for the treatment for Covid-19, quarantine, isolation...
(15 marks) As there is no any effective medicine for the treatment for Covid-19, quarantine, isolation and social distancing are the bulwarks to prevent the prevention of the virus. However, vaccines being developed by a number of companies around the world have offered a ray of hope. Under such circumstances, Bangladesh has announced to join the production of vaccines. Bangladesh will work with the UK and China if everything goes right, said sources at the Directorate General of Drug Administration...
Scientists at the University
of Iowa are working on a live, genetically COVID-19 vaccine. They
have inserted the genes that encode COVID-19 envelop protein a
virus (parainfluenza). In the diagram, 1) viral vector vaccine.
Parainfluenza virus causes mild influenza-like
symptoms.
Diagram or explain the steps that were taken to get the
COVID RNA into the parainfluenza host. Remember to make the
parainfluenza virus non-pathogenic.
How can Pfizer scale up production of the genetically
engineered parainfluenza virus to produce quantities enough...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does not cause an infection and illness, but it effectively teaches the immune system what the viral particles look like, stimulating...
1. You are presenting with advanced flu-like symptoms (i.e., cough, fatigue, fever, and malaise) and visit the doctor. The doctor rules out an influenza infection and tells you to drink lots of fluids and get plenty of bed rest. Should you insist on being tested for coronavirus infections? Why or why not? 2. Last year you endured the flu and multiple viral infections. Will this help protect you from further virus infections? If so, to what extent? 3. Scientists are...
15. Please read a news report from Wall Street Journal as below and pick the correct analysis about the stock market, Dow jumps 900 points after vaccine disclosure drives Moderna shares higher Updated May 18, 2020 5:01 pm EThttps://www.bloomberg.com/news: The Dow Jones Industrial Average surged more than 900 points Monday, its best day since April 6, on hopeful developments surrounding a potential coronavirus vaccine. US stocks surged on Monday as Moderna, a biotech, announced that its coronavirus vaccine candidate had...
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