Question

Thinking about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic systems, what are some other molecular processes that might be good targets for antibiotic development?

Answer 1

.there are lot of differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotic cell design.Among the many differences between them the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes can be exploited for the development of antibiotics .For example, the antibiotic puromycin inhibits protein synthesis by causing nascent prokaryotic polypeptide chains to be released before their synthesis is completed. Puromycin is an analog of the terminal aminoacyl-adenosine part of aminoacyl-tRNA .

Streptomycin, a highly basic trisaccharide, interferes with the binding of formylmethionyl-tRNA to ribosomes and thereby prevents the correct initiation of protein synthesis.

Chloramphenicol acts by inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity. Erythromycin binds to the 50S subunit and blocks translocation. Finally, cyclohexamide blocks peptidyl transferase activity in eukaryotic ribosomes, making a useful laboratory tool for blocking protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.