Question

What are some similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression (DNA → RNA → protein)? What are the main components of the loc operon, and how is it regulated? What are the main components of the arg operon, and how is it regulated?

Answer 1

Similarities Between pookaryotic and Eukaryotic gene expression :- -O:- Open reading frame present in both ③ . Translation process occurs in cytoplasm in both. ♡ 8- Both uses RNA polymerase enzyme for transcription process. 9:- Both have promoter elements for gene еxруеміси.

& Differences between I prokaryotes a prokaryotic an : - Prokaryotic gen prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression Eukaryotes Oi-process by which information ukaryotic gene is used in expression functional & the prokaryotic gen 1 synthesis of a ju is of a ess by which information from gene [ from eukaryotic is gene is used in the the synthesis of a Prokaryotic junith hesis of a functional gene product gene product - occurs inside the Transcription Process occurs in @- Transcription - the cytoplasm I nucleus -③: Transcription and translation - Transcription and translation Occurs simultaneously . Lase temporally segregated. - : - Prokaryotes contain three promoter 4 - Eukaryotes contain a much E elements: one upstream to the gene, largey set of second promoter element to nucleotides clownstream to including it, and the the third 35 nucleotides TATA box. downstream to it - Introns do not interrupt the i r initions intempt the oper open reading frame. reading fame Has a single type of RNA polymerase - Has three RNA poli mRNA is polycistronic i mRNA . Not include is monocistroni post-transcriptional (0 :- Includes post transer ases. modifications modifications

I- Inducer The lac operon . P promoter o-operator ene RNA polymerase binding site point penting Promoter operator I p, to z gene y gene a gene Codes for repressor protein Codes for & permease Codes for B-galactosidase Codes for transacetylase Repressor protein binding site When No Lactose present :- RNA polymerase K Cannot move DI I Y II No transcription repressor O binds to operator I protein Lactose present : ne Polymerase free to move AHLI DAL MRNA repressor When MRNA MRNA >p-galactosidase C Yepressor protein > lactose bound to sepressor repressor cannot bind to operator Lactose o