Question

3. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression compared. Below is an incomplete table of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression in comparison. Fill in the blank using PPT slides, notes and the textbook. Prokaryotic gene expression Eukaryotic gene expression Overview Steps Transcription and translation Yes Transcription and translation coupled? Gene structure No introns Epigenetic modification (chromosome remodeling) transcription, translation, RNA processing, protein processing Transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm Interrupted gene with exons and introns RNAPI, II, III Which enzyme synthesizes pre-mRNAs? Enhancer bound by transcription factors Promoter (CAAT and TATA box) Termination sequence The same Transcription Enzyme Signal Direction of synthesis Steps Product mRNA, TRNA, RNA mRNA has 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR The same In eukaryotes, initiation of transcription requires the use of transcription factors. Transcription factors bind to enhancers and promoters in order for RNA polymerase Il to bind and begin transcription. Transcription begins at the +1 downstream of the TATA box. mRNA, URNA, RNA, and mRNA has 5' cap ( 7 methyl guanosine) and 3' poly (A) tail What is the function of the 5' CAP and 3' poly (A) tail? 405 small subunit (18S rRNA) and a 60s large subunit (285 and 5S rRNA). A site,P site, Esite As in prokaryotes, initation tRNA Met in eukaryotes is also different from internal tRNA Met Translation Ribosomes (Components and functions) TRNAs (Components and functions)

Answer 1

miRNA: micro RNA: It is non coding type of RNA. It has role in silencing RNA etc.

snRNA: small nuclear RNA: has role in splicing RNA

5' prime cap in RNA: It require for transport of molecule. It also prevent the degradation of RNA.

3' poly A tail: It prevent the degradation of RNA, It also help in termination of translation.

RNA polymerase II: synthesize all pre-mRNA

	Prokaryotic cell	Eukaryotic cell
Enzyme	Single RNA polymearse
Signal	TATA box promoter is present 10 base pair upstream the origin Termination: protein based or RNA based
Direction of synthesis	5' to 3' in direction
Steps	RNA polymerase enzyme subunits aasemble with sigma factor. RNA polymerse along with sigma factor called as holoenzyme. This holoenzyme mange to form 10 bp of RNA. Afterward sigma factor dissociates and RNA transcription is synthesizing continuously.
		miRNA and snRNA
Ribosome	70S type of ribosome. 30S and 50S subunit of ribosome. It has A site, P site and E site
t RNA	N formyl methionine tRNA start the process of translation