Question

Your assignment will be to pick one cancer and discuss each of the following: Introduction to cancers. Describe to the audience the characteristics of a cancer cell. Indicate which cancer is the focus of your presentation. Identify which tissues and/or organs in the human body are affected by this cancer. The incidence rate of this type of cancer. Typical age of onset for this type of cancer. Explain the risk factors and/or causes of this cancer. How this cancer is detected and diagnosed. Pictures and/or illustrations of cancer cells. The risk of metastasis for this cancer. How this cancer is treated including the long-term prognosis. What are the survival rates? Measures that people may take to prevent this cancer both medical and holistic. Reference page including citations in standard APA format.

Answer 1

Cancer can start any place in the body. It starts when cells grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. This makes it hard for the body to work the way it should.

introduction:

Cancer can be treated very well for many people. In fact, more people than ever before lead full lives after cancer treatment.

Here we will explain what cancer is and how it’s treated. You’ll find a list of words about cancer and what they mean at the end of this booklet.

Cancer is not just one disease.

There are many types of cancer. It’s not just one disease. Cancer can start in the lungs, the breast, the colon, or even in the blood. Cancers are alike in some ways, but they are different in the ways they grow and spread.

The cells in our bodies all have certain jobs to do. Normal cells divide in an orderly way. They die when they are worn out or damaged, and new cells take their place. Cancer is when the cells start to grow out of control. The cancer cells keep on growing and making new cells. They crowd out normal cells. This causes problems in the part of the body where the cancer started.

Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body. For instance, cancer cells in the lung can travel to the bones and grow there. When cancer cells spread, it’s called metastasis (meh-TAS-tuh-sis). When lung cancer spreads to the bones, it’s still called lung cancer. To doctors, the cancer cells in the bones look just like the ones from the lung. It’s not called bone cancer unless it started in the bones.

Some cancers grow and spread fast. Others grow more slowly. They also respond to treatment in different ways. Some types of cancer are best treated with surgery; others respond better to drugs called chemotherapy (key-mo-THER-uh-pee). Often 2 or more treatments are used to get the best results.

When someone has cancer, the doctor will want to find out what kind of cancer it is. People with cancer need treatment that works for their type of cancer.

Most cancers form a lump called a tumor or a growth. But not all lumps are cancer. Doctors take out a piece of the lump and look at it to find out if it’s cancer. Lumps that are not cancer are called benign (be-NINE). Lumps that are cancer are called malignant (muh-LIG-nunt).

There are some cancers, like leukemia (cancer of the blood), that don’t form tumors. They grow in the blood cells or other cells of the body.

“There is a fear that goes through you when you’re told you have cancer. It’s so hard in the beginning to think about anything but your diagnosis. It’s the first thing you think about every morning. I want people with cancer to know it does get better. Talking about your cancer helps you deal with all of the new emotions you are feeling. Remember, it’s normal to get upset.”

if and how far the cancer has spread from where it started. This is called the cancer stage. You may have heard other people say that their cancer was stage 1 or stage 2. Knowing the stage of the cancer helps the doctor decide what type of treatment is best.

For each type of cancer there are tests that can be done to figure out the stage of the cancer. As a rule, a lower stage (such as a stage 1 or 2) means that the cancer has not spread very much. A higher number (such as a stage 3 or 4) means it has spread more. Stage 4 is the highest stage.

Ask your doctor to explain the stage of your cancer and what it means for you.

Cancer is a complex group of diseases with many possible causes. In this section you can learn more about the known causes of cancer, including genetic factors; lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, diet, and physical activity; certain types of infections; and environmental exposures to different types of chemicals and radiation

LUNG CANCER:

The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cacer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack-year smoking history. While the risk of lung cancer is increased with even a 10 pack-year smoking history, those with 30 pack-year histories or more are considered to have the greatest risk for the development of lung cancer. Among those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer. But even though the risk is higher the more you smoke, there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer.

Passive smoking, or the inhalation of tobacco smoke from other smokers sharing living or working quarters, is also an established risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Research has shown that nonsmokers who reside with a smoker have a 24% increase in risk for developing lung cancer when compared with other nonsmokers. An estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths occur each year in the U.S. that are attributable to passive smoking.

\Here's where you'll find a rundown of the different types and different stages of lung cancer. You'll also find articles on lung cancer signs and symptoms.

symptoms:

There are many different lung cancer symptoms. Find out more here.

types:

There are two main types of lung cancer. It’s important to know which type you have.

stages of lung cancer:

Treatment -- and prognosis -- depends on the stage of a lung cancer. Get the basics here.

small lung cancer

Learn all about small-cell lung cancer in this in-depth article.

non small lung cancer

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer.

solitary pulmonary cancer

A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a single abnormality in the lung that is smaller than 3 cm in diameter. Generally, a pulmonary nodule must grow to at least 1 cm in diameter before it can be seen on a chest X-ray.

stage IV lung cancer

Stage IV Lung Cancer With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement is rare, and it often happens to people who aren't smokers. Find out more.

Many different tests -- some very sophisticated -- are used to help diagnose lung cancer. This article helps you understand how they’re used.

lung biopsy for lung cancer:

When a lung tumor is found, a lung biopsy is often performed to evaluate the type of abnormal cells. Find out what to expect, so you’ll be prepared.

sputum cytology for lung cancer:

Sputum cytology examines mucus for abnormal cells. See how it’s done.

positron emission treatment

This high-tech test, commonly called a PET scan, can help determine if a lung tumor is cancer.

broncho scopy for lung cancer:

This procedure helps diagnose and determine the extent of lung cancer. Find out what to expect.

mediastony scopy for lung cancer

This procedure helps diagnose lung cancer. Find out how to prepare.

CT scan for brain:

A CT scan of the brain is often done to see if lung cancer has spread to the brain.

bone scan:

A bone scan can detect cancer that has spread to the bone

thora centisis:

Some people with lung cancer develop fluid between their lungs and chest wall. This procedure helps remove that fluid, and finds out why it's there. Learn about it here.

medical history and physical examination

Your medical history can help your health professional find out what is causing your symptoms.

Start with the links to basic information on lung cancer treatment and care. Then move on to the more detailed information. Take your time -- there's a lot to learn.

Treatment

Lung cancer treatment

Surgery is the preferred treatment for many people with lung cancer. Learn about the different types of surgery.

Lung cancer chemo therapy:

A variety of chemotherapy medications are used to treat lung cancer. Learn about them here.

Lung cancer radiation:

Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat lung cancer. Learn when it’s used and what the side effects are.

cancer pain medicaton;

Several different types of medications are used to treat cancer pain. See which medication might be right for your pain.

non small lung cancer traetment:

Learn all about treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer -- from surgery and chemotherapy to photodynamic therapy.

non small lung cancer treatment by stage

Treatment varies for the different stages of non-small-cell lung cancer. Learn more here.

small cell lung cancer treatment over view

Learn all about treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

small lung cancer treatment overview

Limited and extensive stages of small-cell lung cancer are treated differently. Learn what to expect.