Question

As the figure above shows, there are many changes to a woman's physiology during pregnancy. Categorize the options below as effects of progesterone or estrogen on the pregnant female body. Not all choices will be used. Estrogen Progesterone Increased Relaxation of renin- smooth muscle angiotensin- aldosterone activity Promotes sodium and water retention Reduced maternal immune response to fetus Increased protein biosynthesis by the liver Increased uterine blood flow Increased insulin resistance Reduced uterine motility

Answer 1

A

Estrogen:

1. Relaxation of smooth muscles.

2. Increased renin angiotensin aldosterone activity.

3. Increased protein biosynthesis in the liver

4.Increased uterine blood flow

Progesterone:

1. Promotes sodium and water retention

2.Reduced maternal immune response to fetus.

3. Increased insulin resistance

4.reduced uterine motility

B

Male Reproductive Organ development:

1. Anti Mullerian Hormones causes the Mullerian ducts to regress.

2. Testosterone stimulates the Wolffian ducts which stimulate the Urethra.

3. SRY is present.

4. The urinary and genital systems end up connected through urethra.

Female Reproductive Organ Development:

1. Mullerian ducts deveop into the uterus and uterine tubes.

2. The absence of Testosterone causes the Wolffian ducts to regress and degenerate.

3. SRY is absent.

4. Individual organs are not identifiable before the 7th week of development.

C

Extraembryonic membranes Correctly label the following structures of the extraembryonic membranes. developing placenta Amnioin Chorion Chorionic cavity Amniotic cavity maternal blood vessels Allantois allantos Yolk sac Umblical cord endometrium umbilical cord chorion extraembryonic cavity amnionic cavity YOK AC amnion Maternal blood vessels Endometrium Developing placenta Reset Zoom

D.

AGING IS CAUSED BY DAMAGE ACCUMULATION:

1. Supported by studies that show that proteins becomes increasing crosslinked with age

2.Supported by evidence of effect of external influences such as poor diet

3.Supported by the evidence that children of long living parents tend to live longer.

AGING IS GENETIC:

1. Supported by the studies of telomere shortening.

2.Supported by studies on mutations.