Question

6) What protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane allows protons to return to the matrix? ONADH dehydrogenase FoF1 porin electron transport carriers cytochrome 47) Which of the following compounds inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase (2pts) complex? O FAD NAD+ □ ADP acetyl COA 48) The acetyl group of acetyl CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate by the enzyme citrate synthase. OTrue (2pts) False

Answer 1

6) ans is cytochrome ,mitochondria and chloroplasts are double-membrane-enclosed organelles. They specialize in the synthesis of ATP, using energy derived from electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and from photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Although both organelles contain their own DNA, ribosomes, and other components required for protein synthesis, most of their proteins are encoded in the cell nucleus and imported from the cytosol. Moreover, each imported protein must reach the particular organelle subcompartment in which it functions.

CYTOSOL NUCLEUS PEROXISOMES MITOCHONDRIA PLASTIDS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI LATE ENDOSOME SECRETORY VESICLES LYSOSOMES EARLY ENDOSOME CELL SURFACE

47)Acetyl-Coa

1. conversion to acetyl-CoA by PDH for complete degradation or for synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
2. carboxylation to oxaloacetate, for use in gluconeogenesis or in the citric acid cycle
3. synthesis of amino acids, e.g., transamination to alanine
4. reduction to lactate

48)Ans True

Acetyl CoA is the fuel for the citric acid cycle. This important molecule is formed from the breakdown of glycogen (the storage form of glucose), fats, and many amino acids. fats contain strings of reduced two-carbon units that are first oxidized to acetyl CoA and then completely oxidized to CO₂ by the citric acid cycle.

Ans of amino acid degradation

False

The ?-amino group of many amino acids is transferred to ?-ketoglutarate to form glutamate, which is then oxidatively deaminated to yield ammonium ion (NH₄⁺).

oOC HN COO HyN COO Amino acid Glutamate