Question

• Describe the layers of the skin and the function of each layer. Which specific function of the skin benefits the skeletal system? Explain your answer.

Answer 1

Layers of the Skin -

|.- Outer Epidermis

||.- Inner Epidermis

|. EPIDERMIS

epidermis is the outer layer of skin it is formed by the stratified epithelium nutrition is provided to the epidermis by the capillaries of the dermis.

Function -The epidermis serves as barrier to protect the body against microbial Pathogen,Oxydant Compound, and Provide machanical resistance to minor enjory

there are five type of layer of the epidermis

1. stratum corneum
2. stratum lucidum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum spinosum
5. Stratum germinativum   

Functions

1- Stratum corneum

to form a barrier to provide underlying Tissue from infection , dehydration, chemical and mechanical stress .

2-stratum Lucidum

Responsible for the capability of skin to stretch .it also contains a protein which is responsible for the degeneration of skin cell.

3- Stratum granulosum

it's cells accumulate dense basophilic keratophyalin granules, these granules contains lipid which along with the desmosomal connections help to form waterproof barrier that function to prevent water loss From the body

4- Stratum Spinosum

To allow the keratinocytes to mature

5- Stratum germinativum

Provides the germinal cells necessary for the regeneration of the layers of the dermis these germinal cells are separated from the dermis by the thin layer of basement membrane.

||. Dermis

Dermis is the inner layer of the skin it is connective tissue layer made up of dense and stout collagen fibre fibroblast and histocytes .collagen fibre exhibit elastic property and are capable of storing or holding water . collagen fibres contains the enzyme collagenase which is responsible for wound healing .

Dermis is made up of two layers

1- superficial papillary

2-Deeper reticular layer

1 Superficial papillary Layer

superficial papillary layer project into the dermis IT contain blood vessel lymphocytes and nerve fibres this layer also has some pigment containing cell known as chromatophores

2- Deeper Reticular Layer

it is a loose connective tissue which connects the skin with the internal structure of the body it serves as an insulator to protect the body from excessive heat and cold of the environment .Lots of the smooth muscles called errector pili are also found in skin arround the hair follicles.

*Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by the action of ultraviolet rays from sunlight on cholesterol.

skin play an important role in the regulation of the body temperature excess heat is lost from the body through the skin by radiation conduction convection and evaporation sweat gland of the skin play an active part in the heat loss by secreting sweat.the lipid contents of the sebum prevent loss of heat from the body in the cold environment.

skin regulate water balance and electrolyte balance by excreting water and salt through the sweat.

skin excrete small quantity of the waste material like urea salt and fatty substances.