Question

In the transition from water to land, vertebrates have undergone many changes to their axial skeleton. What are these changes, and why did they evolve? D G Paragnph BIUEE

Answer 1

In the transition from water to; land, vertebrate has gone many changes in their axial skeleton these changes were important because vertebrates as they went from buoyant environment to the terrestrial one now the body no longer favor he streamlines condition, changes are

1. Neck – it was essential because animals needed to look or turn their head for feeding or vision with affecting the locomotion.
2. Paired fins are transformed into limbs
3. Strong appendages
4. Well attached girdles
5. Presence of vertebral column which can resist bending, it supports the weight of the trunk when body stands.. it should be rigid and the legs and girdles should be firmly attached to it because without these features the animals cannot stand properly.
6. With the origin of vertebrates, an origin of jaws, an origin of bones, an origin of teeth also take place.
7. Apart from these features – gills are replaced by lung and pulmonary circulation
8. To resist drying and abrasion – cornification of skin
9. Also, eyes, ear, and nose are modified to function in air.