Question

What is a rectifier? Explain half wave and full wave rectifier with circuit diagrams.

Answer 1

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Answer:

A Rectifier is an electronic circuit which converts the Alternating Current into Direct current,

The process of converting AC to DC is called Rectification.

There are two types of rectifier:

1)Half-wave Rectifier

2)Full-Wave Rectifier

Half-wave Rectifier:

Definition

A half-wave rectifier is a circuit which takes single phase Alternating current as input and produces either the positive half of the negative half cycle as an output,

Explanation:

The positive or the negative half cycle is decided by the alignment of the Diode in the circuit

The circuit Diagram

D1 Vin Vout D V1 R1 R SINE(0 10 1K)

From the above figure, we get the positive cycle of the input wave as an output

considering the diode is an ideal one, we get V_D as 0Volts,

Analysis:

For the positive half cycle of the input voltage (V_S).

Let the voltage across the diode is V_D,

when V_S > V_D,

the V_out = V_S V

For the negative half cycle

V_S < V_D,

so there is no conductivity and the diode acts an open circuit,

we get V_out = 0V

Then the Mean square value of the output is V_rms = V_peak / 2

and average Dc output V_DC = V_peak / pi

The input and output wave for the Half wave rectifier:

From the about calculations, we get the input and output waveforms as follows,

the Green colour is 10Vp-p AC, and the green colour half waves rectified output

V(vin) Vivout) 10V- 8V- 61- 4V- 2- OV- -20- -47- -61- -8V- -101

Full Wave Rectifier:

A full-wave rectifier is an electronic circuit which converts input Alternating current to a constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. In Full-wave rectification, we convert both the positive and negative cycles of the input waveform to pulsating DC (direct current) and As a result, we get higher average output voltage. four diodes in a bridge configuration and any AC source is required in this process.

Vin D1 D2 1N4148 1N4148 Vout V1 + SINE(0 5 50) D3 D4 R1 1N4148 1N4148 1K .tran 50ms

For the positive cycle of Vin

we get D2 and D2 diodes gets activated,

then we get Vout = Vin

For the positive cycle of Vin

we get D1 and D4 diodes get activated,

As a result we get Vout = -Vin

So,we will get the full wave rectified output.

The input waveform

V(vin) 5V 4- 3V- 2V- 1V- ov- -1V- -2V- |-v- |-4V- -5V- Oms 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms

The output full wave rectified output waveform

V(vout) 4.0V 3.6V- 3.2V- 2.8V 2.40- 2.0v- 1.6V- 1.2v- 0.8V- 0.40- 0.OVH Oms 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms