Homework Answers
1. Growth factor receptors are
membrane-bound proteins that bind specifically to growth factors
and initiate a cascade of intracellular signaling cascades.
Most of the growth factors use RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES as
receptors.
2. Many protein kinases
phosphorylate SERINE or THREONINE residues.
Serine, Threonine, and tyrosine are hydroxyl group-containing amino
acids.
3. There are ~518 known protein
kinase genes in the human genome.
They constitute ~2% of all the human genes.
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What type of receptor is used by most growth factors (e.e EGF, FGF)? Whereas an RTK...
Which is true of Receptor Tyrosine kinases? Most RTK subunits are single-pass transmembrane proteins. They are...
Which is true of Receptor Tyrosine kinases? Most RTK subunits are single-pass transmembrane proteins. They are seven-pass transmembrane proteins. They are coupled to ion channels in the membrane They contain lots of tyrosine residues in their transmembrane domains
Some survival factors activate receptor tyrosine kinases upstream of the PI-3-kinase-Akt pathway. How does this pathway...
Some survival factors activate receptor tyrosine kinases upstream of the PI-3-kinase-Akt pathway. How does this pathway promote cell survival? Akt phosphorylates and inactivates an inhibitor of Tor. Akt phosphorylates and activates the antiapoptotic protein Bcl. Akt phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax/Bak. O Akt phosphorylates and inhibits the Bcl2 inhibitor Bad. In most cases, how many mutations are required for a normal cell to turn into a cancer cell? O more than three O generally only one O cancers...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of the...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
Drosopholia eye development is an example of cell differentiation directed by signal binding to a receptor...
Drosopholia eye development is an example of cell differentiation directed by signal binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). In this pathway, R7 photoreceptor development requires a receptor (SEV, sevenless), which is activated by binding to a plasma membrane bound signal (BOSS, bride-of-sevenless) displayed on the adjacent R8 cell Receptor activation leads to activation of RAS via two proteins, Drk (down- stream of receptor kinases) and Sos (son-of-sevenless). Activated RAS leads to activation of a phosphorylation cascade that activates the...
Hagrid has purified a protein from unicom sweat and called UNI-1. He has then doned the...
Hagrid has purified a protein from unicom sweat and called UNI-1. He has then doned the Unit gone and inserted in rat zygotes (by microinjection) a recombinant construct containing the Uni-1 coding sequence its entire 5 UTR region, covering both the minimal promoter and a series of cutative regulatory als elements. The mutantrats develop glorious, luminous hair. Hagrid has also discovered that the UNI-1 protein binds very tightly to DNA and hypothesizes it is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation...
43. Oxygen has 8 electrons and Argon has 18 electrons. What type of molecule would be...
43. Oxygen has 8 electrons and Argon has 18 electrons. What type of molecule would be formed it these two elements reacted. a) No reaction would occur. b) They would form an lonic hond with the Amon giving electrons to Oxygen. c) They would form a covalent bond by sharing 2 electrons. d) 2 argons would bond to oxygen. e) C and D are possible. 44. Magnesium (*2 Mg 24) forms bonds with how many Chlorine (CIS) atoms? a) 4,...
1 What is an imprinted gene? Select one: a. A gene that is found on a...
1 What is an imprinted gene? Select one: a. A gene that is found on a Barr body b. A gene that is silenced upon inheritance from a designated parent c. A gene that is inherited from only one parent d. A gene that is encoded on only one of the two copies of a chromosome Question 2 Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of cancer? Select one: a. Malignant cancers are typically not able to metastasize...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) do and what does it allow...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
Odd #'s Only Question Help MULTIPLE CHOICE & Which hormone is produced in the hypothal a....
Odd #'s Only Question Help
MULTIPLE CHOICE & Which hormone is produced in the hypothal a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone b. Anti-diuretic hormone c. Luteinizing hormone d. Growth hormone 1. Which set of messengers acts on neighboring cells within the same tissue? a Autocrines b. Paracrines c. Hormones d. None of the above al poral system Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal detected by the a Posterior pituitary b. Anterior pituitary c. Median eminence d. Infundibulum 2. Which set of messengers acts...
Please read the article bellow and discuss the shift in the company's approach to genetic analysis....
Please read the article bellow and discuss the shift in the
company's approach to genetic analysis. Please also discuss what
you think about personal genomic companies' approaches to research.
Feel free to compare 23andMe's polices on research with another
company's. Did you think the FDA was right in prohibiting 23andMe
from providing health information?
These are some sample talking points to get you thinking about
the ethics of genetic research in the context of Big Data. You
don't have to...
Which is true of Receptor Tyrosine kinases? Most RTK subunits are single-pass transmembrane proteins. They are seven-pass transmembrane proteins. They are coupled to ion channels in the membrane They contain lots of tyrosine residues in their transmembrane domains
Some survival factors activate receptor tyrosine kinases upstream of the PI-3-kinase-Akt pathway. How does this pathway promote cell survival? Akt phosphorylates and inactivates an inhibitor of Tor. Akt phosphorylates and activates the antiapoptotic protein Bcl. Akt phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax/Bak. O Akt phosphorylates and inhibits the Bcl2 inhibitor Bad. In most cases, how many mutations are required for a normal cell to turn into a cancer cell? O more than three O generally only one O cancers...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
Drosopholia eye development is an example of cell differentiation directed by signal binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). In this pathway, R7 photoreceptor development requires a receptor (SEV, sevenless), which is activated by binding to a plasma membrane bound signal (BOSS, bride-of-sevenless) displayed on the adjacent R8 cell Receptor activation leads to activation of RAS via two proteins, Drk (down- stream of receptor kinases) and Sos (son-of-sevenless). Activated RAS leads to activation of a phosphorylation cascade that activates the...
Hagrid has purified a protein from unicom sweat and called UNI-1. He has then doned the Unit gone and inserted in rat zygotes (by microinjection) a recombinant construct containing the Uni-1 coding sequence its entire 5 UTR region, covering both the minimal promoter and a series of cutative regulatory als elements. The mutantrats develop glorious, luminous hair. Hagrid has also discovered that the UNI-1 protein binds very tightly to DNA and hypothesizes it is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation...
43. Oxygen has 8 electrons and Argon has 18 electrons. What type of molecule would be formed it these two elements reacted. a) No reaction would occur. b) They would form an lonic hond with the Amon giving electrons to Oxygen. c) They would form a covalent bond by sharing 2 electrons. d) 2 argons would bond to oxygen. e) C and D are possible. 44. Magnesium (*2 Mg 24) forms bonds with how many Chlorine (CIS) atoms? a) 4,...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
Odd #'s Only Question Help
MULTIPLE CHOICE & Which hormone is produced in the hypothal a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone b. Anti-diuretic hormone c. Luteinizing hormone d. Growth hormone 1. Which set of messengers acts on neighboring cells within the same tissue? a Autocrines b. Paracrines c. Hormones d. None of the above al poral system Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal detected by the a Posterior pituitary b. Anterior pituitary c. Median eminence d. Infundibulum 2. Which set of messengers acts...
Please read the article bellow and discuss the shift in the
company's approach to genetic analysis. Please also discuss what
you think about personal genomic companies' approaches to research.
Feel free to compare 23andMe's polices on research with another
company's. Did you think the FDA was right in prohibiting 23andMe
from providing health information?
These are some sample talking points to get you thinking about
the ethics of genetic research in the context of Big Data. You
don't have to...
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