Question

1. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells ______________________.

	a.	Are created by the expression of key transcription regulators in cells derived from adult tissues so that these cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
	b.	Require a supply of donor egg cells, such as embryonic stem cells.
	c.	Can differentiate into a greater variety of adult tissues than embryonic stem cells.
	d.	Are created by nuclear transplantation.

2. The different characteristics of different cell types in a multicellular organism result mainly from the regulation of the _________________.

	a.	Replication of specific proteins.
	b.	Transcription of different genes.
	c.	Transcription of housekeeping genes.
	d.	Proteins that directly bind the TATA box of prokaryotic genes.

3. RNA processing in eukaryotes involves:

	a.	Capping
	b.	Polyadenylation
	c.	Splicing
	d.	All of the above

Answer 1

1. Answer: (a) Are created by the expression of key transcription regulators in cells derived from adult tissues so that these cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types.

Explanation:

Somatic cells which are induced by activating the expression of key transcription regulators can be differentiated in to variety of cell types which is the characteristic of embryonic stem cell. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the embryo which can differentiate into a variety of cell types (pluripotency). So, here the somatic cells are induced to attain the pluripotency and are called as iPSC or induced pluripotencey stem cells.

Nuclear transplantation is a type of cloning which do not have the connection with stem cells.

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3. Answer: (d) all the above

Explanation: In the process of transcription where the DNA gets converted into mRNA, the pre mRNA formed in this process is modified to get translated to produce the protein. The processing includes 5' capping of 7-mG cap and 3' end is cleaved and poly A is added which is called polyadenylation and also splicing (removing introns and joining the exons).