Question

How and where does the HSV-1 genome exist in a host cell? Integrated into the host cell chromosome In the cytoplasm as a linear chromosome. O In the cytoplasm as a circular episome In the nucleus as a circular episome

Answer 1

*In nucleus as a circular episome.

Herpes simplex virus1 mainly affect mucus membrane of skin and infect oral cavity and the genital area.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) falls into the group of human herpes virus, which are large enveloped viruses that contain double stranded DNA. The DNA core is surrounded by icosohedral capsid structure. The capsid is surrounded by virus encoded proteins called teguments which helps them to surpass the host immune system. The tegument is enclosed with in a host derived membrane envelop with several kinds of spike protein. The herpes binds to the receptor molecules in the host cell membrane, then the envelop fuses with the host cell membrane releasing capsid into the cytoplasm. At the nuclear pore of the host the herpes chromosomes enters the nucleus. The DNA then circulates to form a plasmid like intermediate called episome. HSV has evolved a very sophisticated and stepwise system of replication inside the host cell. The first protein they creates are DNA binding Proteins which helps stimulate DNA synthesis and transcription. Then they produce DNA-dependent DNA polymerase to kick start the replication. Replication of the viral genome then trigger transcription of gene that encode structural proteins and other necessary proteins for viral function. From here, virus is assembled piece by piece before being released either by exocytosis or cell lysis.