Question

Problem 5: Define the following: Bronsted-Lowry acid - Lewis acid- Strong acid - (5 points) Problem 6: Consider the following acid base reaction HCI + H20 → H30+ + Cl- a) Is this a strong acid? b) Clearly label the acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base. (5 points)

Answer 1

5- A Brønsted–Lowry acid is a chemical species being able to lose or donate a hydrogen cation, H+H+. Obviously, it needs other substance (base) being able to gain or accept the transferred hydrogen cation.

Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HClHCl), Acetic acid (CH3−COOHCH3−COOH), and NH₄⁺(ammonium cation) are examples of B-L acids. Water is a Bronsted lowry base in these reactions because it accepts the H+H+ donated by the acid to become the hydronium or oxonium cation.

bA Lewis acid is a chemical species being able to accept an electron-pair and therefore able to react with a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct, by sharing the electron pair furnished by the Lewis base.

Thus, a Lewis acid is an atomic or molecular species with a localized empty atomic or molecular orbital of low energy. This lowest energy molecular orbital (LUMO; Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) can accommodate a pair of electrons. Lewis bases are lone-electron-pair-containing species, such as H₂O, NH₃, OH^-,H^-, F^- H₂O, amines.

+ HCl + H2O - > i + CH3 Loos + the Mg-coo & Hout • What & Hoo NH3 + Haut

Examples:

• Hydrogen cation (H⁺) is a Lewis acid, as it can accept a pair of electrons: it has an empty 1s orbital. Ammonia is a Lewis base: it has a lone pair able being able to be "donated" to the hydrogen cation. This pair of electrons is shared between the two atoms; it's a dative covalent bond or coordinate bond.

A strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in solutions.

The common strong acids include:

• HCl (hydrochloric acid)
• H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid)
• HNO₃ (nitric acid)
• HBr (hydrobromic acid)
• HClO₄ (perchloric acid)
• HI (hydroiodic acid)
• p-toluenesulfonic acid (an organic soluble strong acid)
• methanesulfonic acid (a liquid organic strong acid)

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